Knowledge Speaks Wisdom Listens

MEN ARE ALWAYS HONOURABLE

2010-01-05T19:03:00.001+05:30

f a female is reading this article then just realize the value of a man; and if its a male then feel proud of after reading it!

“One day, while a woodcutter was cutting a branch of a tree above a river, his axe fell into the river. When he cried out, the Lord appeared and asked, “Why are you crying?”

The woodcutter replied that his axe has fallen into water, and he needed the axe to make his living.

The Lord went down into the water and reappeared with a golden axe. “Is this your axe?” the Lord asked.

The woodcutter replied, “No.”

The Lord again went down and came up with a silver Axe. “Is this your axe?” the Lord asked.

Again, the woodcutter replied, “No.”

The Lord went down again and came up with an iron Axe. “Is this your axe?” the Lord asked.

The woodcutter replied, “Yes.”
The Lord was pleased with the man’s honesty and gave him all three axes to keep, and the woodcutter went home happy.

Some time later the woodcutter was walking with his wife along the riverbank, and his wife fell into the river. When he cried out, the Lord again appeared and asked him, “Why are you crying?”

“Oh Lord, my wife has fallen into the water!”

The Lord went down into the water and came up with ANGELINA JOLIE “Is this your wife?” the Lord asked.

“Yes,” cried the woodcutter.

The Lord was furious. “You lied! That is an untruth!”

The woodcutter replied, “Oh, forgive me, my Lord. It is a misunderstanding. You see, if I had said ‘no’ to ANGELINA JOLIE , You would have come up with CAMERON DIAZ . Then if I said ‘no’ to her, you would have come up with my wife . Had I then said ‘yes,’ you would have given me all three. Lord, I am a poor man, and am not able to take care
of all three wives, so THAT’S why I said yes to ANGELINA JOLIE .”

The moral of this story is: Whenever a man lies, it is for a good and honorable reason, and for the benefit of others.

That’s the story, and they are sticking to it! – “WE ARE HONORABLE MEN!!!!!!

Cogzidel Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd

2009-12-22T10:44:00.001+05:30

Cogzidel Consultancy Services Pvt. Ltd. is a Business Process Consulting & Management company. It offers services like;
Accounting Services (including Internal Audit)
Payroll Processing
Company Incorporation
LLP Registration
Registration of society / trust / partnership firm
Employee-friendly Tax planning
Filing IT returns
Obtaining PAN / TAN
Statutory compliances - PF / ESI / Sales Tax / Service Tax / STPI etc
Trademark / Patent Registration
Business Incubation Services
Bootstrapping

Contact Person: Bala Murugan
Address: 6/32, Vasudevapuran Street, Rangarajapuram, West Mambalam, Chennai - 600 033.
Telephone: +91.44.64990102
Website: http://www.cogzidel.in/

My Sessions on IBM Winter camp ‘09 @KLNCIT

2009-12-15T15:59:00.000+05:30

On 5th and 6th of December 2009 i gave a half day session to my juniors who gathered for the IBM winter camp.

day 1: 5/12/2009

i started from home earlier but mom didn't leave me from spot asked me to finish some rituals that to be completed as a part of pooja, so i was late to the class by 10 min. IBM COE lab has excellent environment for the lecture hall along with the systems. morning the session seems to be boring since i went too technical and didn't mind of their comments. i had lunch with the organizers and college staffs had a casual talk about college and some others issues.

After lunch went with few topics and again got a break. went to staff room and had a chat with HOD. there was a staff meeting at that time so we finish the chat soon and i moved to ITSG room to have some discussion about the upcoming projects. we completed the discussion by 4.30 pm. that is the time to leave college. all the students gathered on the ground expecting their turn towards the bus. i started to home on urgent call from Raman sir asking me to start the class by 5.30 while the time was 5.25. college is 15km away from class so started immediately to class.

stop stop.

i forget to say some things.. really the team has organized it well let me post the photos of this sessions shorlty

AN EXTRA-ORDINARY INDIAN

2009-11-17T10:05:00.001+05:30

This post is from a mail that i got today.. it moved me a bit.

'I don't feed beggars. They can look after themselves. The mentally ill won't ask anyone for food or money,' says N Krishnan who has been feeding them thrice a day for the past seven years.

N Krishnan feeds 400 mentally ill people on the streets of Madurai three times a day, every day, all 365 days of the year. The 28 year old has been doing this for seven years via a charity called the Akshaya Trust.A look into the kitchen reveals a spotlessly clean room.. Sparkling vessels stacked neatly, groceries and provisions all lined up in rows -- rice, dal, vegetables, spices -- all of the best quality.. One would think this was the kitchen of a five star hotel. Maybe Krishnan achieves that effect because he was once a chef at a five star hotel in Bangalore.

"Today's lunch is curd rice, with homemade pickle, please taste it," he says, serving me on a plate made of dried leaves. The food is excellent."I change the menu for different days of the week.. They will get bored if I serve the same food every day," he says with an enthusiastic and infectious smile. Krishnan feeds 400 mentally ill people every day Krishnan cooks breakfast, lunch and dinner with the help of two cooks. He takes it himself to his wards on the street each day.

"I don't feed beggars. They can look after themselves. The mentally ill won't ask anyone for food or money. They don't move around much too. I find them in the same place every day."

That morning he put the food in a large vessel, the pickle in a smaller one and loaded it into a Maruti van donated by a Madurai philanthropist.

Ten minutes later we stopped near a man lying on the ground by a high wall. Krishnan put the food next to him. The man refused to even look at it, but grabbed the water bottle and drank eagerly. "He will eat the food later, looks like he was very thirsty," said Krishnan.

At the next stop, he laid the dry leaf-plate and served the food. He then scooped some food and started feeding the mentally ill man himself. After two morsels, the man started eating on his Own.We then crossed a crowded traffic signal and stopped the vehicle. On seeing Krishnan, four individuals moved slowly towards the Maruti van.. They stood out in the crowd with their dirty, tattered clothes and unshaven beards. They knew this Maruti van meant food. But they did not hurry, knowing that Krishnan would wait for them. Krishnan served them under a tree and carried water for them. "They are not aware enough to get their own water," he explained.

And thus we went around the city till the Akshaya patra was empty. Of course, it would be full again for dinner later in the day. Krishnan's wards often approach him when they see his food-laden van Past 7 years .

As we returned, a startling fact hit me. Not a single mentally challenged person had thanked Krishnan. They did not even smile or acknowledge him. Still Krishnan carried on in a world where most of us get offended if someone doesn't say thank you, sometimes even for doing our jobs.

The food costs Rs 8,000 a day, but that doesn't worry him. "I have donors for 22 days. The remaining days, I manage myself. I am sure I will get donors for that too, people who can afford it are generally generous, particularly when they know that their hard earned money is actually going to the poor. That is why I maintain my accounts correctly and scrupulously."

He then pulled out a bill from the cabinet and showed it to me. It was a bill for groceries he had bought seven years ago. "This bill has sentimental value. It is the first one after I started Akshaya."The economic slowdown has resulted in a drop in the number of donors. Earlier, they sustained meals for 25 days. Software giants Infosys and TCS were so impressed with his work that they donated three acres of land to him in Madurai . Krishnan hopes to build a home for his wards there. He has built the basement for a woman's block which will house 80 inmates, but .

work has currently halted due to a lack of funds This, however, is not the sum of his good deeds. Krishnan also performs the funerals of unclaimed bodies in Madurai . He collects the body, bathes it and gives it a decent burial or cremation as the need may be. He gets calls, both from the municipal corporation and general hospital for the funerals. He recalls with a little prompting how one day he saw a mentally ill man eating his excreta. He rushed to the nearest restaurant and bought the man five idles. The man ate voraciously, and then smiled at him. The smile made Krishnan want to do it again and again.Krishnan has not married and wonders if anyone would want to marry a man who spends his days cooking food for others. He is firm that his life partner has to agree to this kind of life.

His parents were initially shocked, but are now very supportive of their son. They advise him about the cuisine and also about how he can streamline the process. One wonders why he left his job in a five star hotel to bury the dead and feed the mentally ill. To this he just smiles and says, "I like doing it."

For more information on N Krishnan's trust, log on to: http://www.akshayatrust.org/

As of November, 2008, expense for feeding 300 people, 3 times a day involving a travel of around 170 kms in Madurai city, is around Rs.10,000 per day.
The feeding programme is run entirely from public donation. We have no corpus fund.
Your support will be greatly appreciated.
Remittances within India can be made in any branch of ICICI Bank in India favouring
Akshaya’s Helping in H.E.L.P. Trust
ICICI Bank Ltd., Kochadai Branch, Madurai-625010
S.B.Account No.601 701 013 912
For Foreign Contribution
Akshaya’s Helping in H.E.L.P. Trust
Account No. 601601081471
ICICI Bank Ltd., K.K.Nagar Branch
Melur Road, Madurai - 625 020 India
(OR)
N. Krishnan
SB account : 601601504494
ICICI Bank K.K.Nagar branch,
Madurai 625020, India
MICR code: 625229006.
Donations exempt under 80 (G) of I.T. Act
Reg.No.108/2003-04/ITC Madurai, valid upto 31 March, 2010.

we can also contribute a bit……

Inspiration………..

2009-11-10T17:37:00.001+05:30

Before few days i was struck with a awesome blog. really the blog is much informative and most inspirational to read. i generally like to have a graze on technologies but this blog was full of stories of some great persons .the blog is currently running a series called "The Power of Sub-Conscious Mind" which was very informative . the blog is written in Tamil language all can have a look at this address http://enganeshan.blogspot.com/

Secret of Happy Married Life

2009-10-27T15:47:00.001+05:30

Once Mathai asked Kuttappan, “What is the secret behind your happy married life?”

Kuttappan said, “You should share responsibilities with due love and respect to each other.

Then absolutely there will be no problems.”

“Can you explain?” asked Mathai.

Kuttappan said, “In my house, I take decisions on bigger issues where as my wife decides on smaller issues. We do not interfere in each other’s decisions.”

Still not convinced, Mathai asked Kuttappan “Give me some examples”

Kuttappan said, “Smaller issues like which car we should buy, how much amount to save, when to visit home town, which Sofa, air conditioner, refrigerator to buy, monthly expenses, whether to keep a maid or not etc are decided by my wife. I just agree to it”

Mathai asked, “Then what is your role?”

Kuttappan said, “My decisions are only for very big issues….

Like whether America should attack Iraq, whether Britain should lift sanction over Zimbabwe, whether to widen African economy, whether Sachin Tendulkar should retire etc. Do you know one thing, my wife NEVER objects to any of these”.

That is the secret of my happy married life !!!

Top 60 Jobs That Will Rock the Future

2009-10-13T12:42:00.001+05:30

HEALTH CARE

1. Medical Roboticist

New technology is doing amazing things for medical patients these days, especially in the world of robotics. We aren’t quite at a Six-Million Dollar Man level yet – but we’re getting awfully close. From physical therapy exoskeletons to new and improved forms of prosthetic attachments, science-minded individuals will be needed to help develop medical technology that is better, stronger, and faster than it ever was before.

2. Genetic Counselor

As genetics continues to be fine-tuned, doctors will be able to run tests to predict all manner of markers and conditions. Genetic counselors have the job of helping families make decisions about their future children in regards to available genetic technologies. At the present, according to MSNBC, “about 2,000 counselors are recognized by the American Board of Genetic Counseling.” As technology improves and becomes more widespread, expect the need for counselors to grow right along with it.

3. Respiratory Therapist

The atmosphere isn’t what it used to be. Between congested highways, the pollutants of industry, and just plain old stress doing a number on our bodies, respiratory problems like asthma are rapidly on the rise. Under these conditions, it comes as no surprise that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics is reporting an extremely good job outlook for respiratory therapists. Practitioners and technicians from varying levels of training will be needed increasingly to help future generations breathe well against all odds.

4. Bioinformatician

Whenever new terrain is charted, maps must be drafted to document and understand the new discoveries. Not only is this true in geography, but in biology as well. As genomic and molecular research continues to intensify over the years, the science community will need plenty of young bioinformatics majors to map, analyze, create 3-D models of and compare DNA and protein structures – hopefully resulting in better understanding and treatment of genetics in the future.

5. Stem Cell Researcher

Stem cell research has been a controversial topic since the day it started gaining plausible ground, entrenched in a war of progress and ethics. Still, science finds a way. Already, researchers may have found an alternative to embryonic stem cells that may put the ethical battle to rest. If this is the case, more researchers than ever will be needed to develop cures for diseases, genetic enhancements, and whatever other secrets these cells may hold.

6. Custom Implant Organ Designer

It wasn’t so long ago when organ transplants were the stuff of science-fiction novels. Now human ears are growing on mice for science, mouse brain cells are growing within robots for art, and the next wave of scientists are using gel-suspended cell cultures to draw custom-made organs for implants from scratch. When it comes to biomedical engineering, the sky is the limit, and young ingenious scientists are needed all the time to keep on searching for the next big breakthrough.

7. Massage Therapist

City populations only get more and more crowded as time goes on, and stresses will only increase as towering office jobs become more prevalent and intense. But you have the power not only to do something about it, but to get paid doing it. As the economy levels out and city life stresses become more compact, look for the already booming massage therapy industry to go through the roof.

8. Nurse

As necessary as nurses are, it may stand to reason that we will never run out of nurses…but actually, that is exactly what is happening. According to the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN), our country is “in the midst of a nursing shortage that is expected to intensify as baby boomers age and the need for health care grows.” Nurses will only be more in demand as time goes on, and it’s a profession that will never go out of style.

9. Home Health Care Aide

An entire generation is getting older, and it’s a big one. As the Baby Boomers start to collectively reach senior citizenship, home health care aids will be in hot demand to help elderly folks continue to live at home with dignity, assisting with chores and care and providing valuable company.

10. Pharmacist

Another classic. Just as the rising collective age of Americans is leading to a need for more health care workers, the same thing is also leading to a need for more prescription drugs and those who know how to prescribe them. In addition, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a growing number of pharmacies are starting to offer on-site diagnoses and patient care, stretching the amount of skilled and well-trained pharmacists needed. The demand for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians is expected to rise by over 30% in the next decade.

11. Medical Records Administrator

What’s so high tech and futuristic about a medical records administration career? As a matter of fact: everything. The world of information is rapidly changing, and medical records are at the forefront with a huge push toward going digital. Once doomed to navigate halls of bulging paper files, the medical records administrators of the future will need to be tech-savvy and quick on the draw with digital databases, in a field where fast information recall can mean the difference between life and death.

12. Nutritionist

The United States is dealing with an obesity epidemic of epic proportions – it affects 32% of adults over 20, and leads to complications that add up to $147 billion a year in health care expenditure. Something has to be done, and a healthy diet is a great start. In addition to a growing need for nutritionists and dieticians to help combat obesity, there will be an increased need for nutritionists who can work with elderly patients on adjusting their diets to improve health in the face of age-linked conditions such as heart disease and diabetes.

13. Dentist

Not so futuristic in theory, but certainly a perennial. No matter how far into the foreseeable future, we will always need our teeth – and we only get one natural set, so it pays to treat them well. Unfortunately, the dental profession is seeing a shortage as populations grow while the average age of dentists rises, with many dentists retiring faster than they can be replaced. That’s good news for new crops of prospective dentists, who will find themselves highly in demand.

SCIENCE and ENGINEERING

14. Space Tour Guide

When the time comes for space travel, tourism will be there at the forefront, giving the wealthy and the curious a taste of the exotic. But who will narrate the tours and bring the majestic vistas of outer space to life? You, if you become a space tour guide. It’s not as far off as some might think – multimedia mogul Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic space tourism venture is already garnering some serious financial backing – so anyone interested would do well to start brushing up on their public speaking skills.

15. Robotics Technician

From precision factory work to precision surgery, a robot’s place in society is growing every day. Of course, skilled workers are needed to tend to robots: to build them, maintain them, and keep them running smoothly. Well-versed in both sturdy classic machinery and cutting-edge technology, technicians of the future will play an important part in greasing the gears that keep the world turning.

16. Nanotechnologist

True, science is expanding – moving ever outward with space probes and grand robotic and architectural creations – but it is contracting just as surely. Nanotechnology is the study of matter on a molecular scale: manipulating individual atoms, building structures by the nanometer. It’s a fairly new practice where sciences are concerned, due mostly to it previously being physically impossible, but scientists predict it to have possible applications ranging widely from medicine to electronics and even new forms of energy production.

17. Simulation Engineer

Advanced 3D technology is improving everyday (already movies are a far cry from the headache-inducing red/blue lenses of yesteryear), and it shouldn’t take long for holographic and other simulation-based technologies to follow suit. According to UCSD’s Jacobs School of Engineering dean Frieder Seible, in an interview with MSNBC, “simulation will be in every industry and every engineering field.” The age of full-size interactive holodecks is coming, and Physics and Comp-Sci whizzes will be at the helm of it all.

18. Energy Resources Engineer

Where does our energy come from? Mostly from electricity and oil, but perhaps not for long. As global concern over environmental issues grows, a race is on to create new major sources of energy. New engineers with fresh outlooks are greatly needed to help develop more effective wind turbines, more compact solar panels, safer atomic fission, and the next big thing in energy production.

19. Aerospace Engineer

While MIR and our probes are impressive, our country’s space program has by and large stalled for quite some time. Where will you be when it starts up again? It’s only a matter of time before thoughts turn once again toward exploring the great frontier of space, trekking to new planets and seeking out new life and civilizations – and with the right engineering degree, you could be the one to design the craft that makes it all possible.

20. Biorefinery Plant Manager

A huge talking point of the last presidential election was the potential of biofuels as a valid replacement for our finite sources of petroleum. From corn-based to grain-based ethanol, biomass technology has become a formidable opponent to our current fuel situation. If efforts continue at their current pace, it won’t be too much longer before biorefinery plants are cropping up with the frequency of oil rigs, all of them needing plant workers to make sure the crops flow smoothly on their journey to powering the nation.

21. Laboratory Technician

No man is an island, and that includes scientists: behind every good scientist is a crackerjack team that gets the job done. A laboratory technician takes care of everyday tasks like testing, sampling, measuring, recording data, and generally ensuring that experiments in progress are running smoothly. With so much focus on science and technology in industry, the job outlook for taskmaster lab technicians is quite promising.

22. Transportation Engineer

In just a few short years, rising oil costs and economic downturns have led most of the world to shun former single-serving social status titans like the Hummer and the Segway, while falling head over heels in love with the Prius and the light rail. The face of transportation is changing, and engineers are needed to help design newer, cleaner, and more efficient ways of moving people.

23. Seed Production Technician

Changing technology changes all factions of our lives, and even agriculture is getting a different look these days. With the rise of factory farms, jobs are becoming increasingly parsed out by specialty. Large corporations like Monsanto are consistently looking for skilled workers in fields like seed production, to distribute and produce the crops that keep the country running.

24. Technical Writer

Robots, rocket ships, computers, prostheses and enhancements: all of these are new or evolving technologies, and none of them are exactly simple and self-explanatory. Someone needs to be there to write the manuals for these products, and that person could be you.

25. Inventor

The best part about emerging technology is that it never goes out of style. Whether your interest is chemistry, biology, physics, or engineering, scientists of all disciplines are always needed to think, hypothesize, develop, and create. They are needed by private corporations and government agencies alike, to build better weapons for the army and better toys for the holiday store shelves. Inventors are necessary to progress, and will be needed for as long as progress of civilization is an option.

ENVIRONMENTALISM

26. Organic Food Producer

While it’s always been popular with the eco-conscious, now organic food is more popular than ever before. Taking up nearly 10% of the food and beverage market, a tenfold increase from a decade prior, so many people are clamoring for the “organic” label that it’s on the verge of going mainstream. When the scales do finally tip in organic food’s favor (an event that no doubt will be happening some time in the next ten years), more farmers, producers, and scientists will be needed than ever before to improve organic farming techniques and just simply grow the food that the population is demanding.

27. Sustainability Officer

Sustainability has become a real concern among businesses, but it can be hard for busy execs to find the time to learn all the ropes. Instead, many companies have started hiring on eco-savvy individuals as “sustainability officers.” It’s a new title, and it entails finding, researching, and implementing eco-friendly policies that are of the most benefit to the company at hand. Green Tech Media describes it as a little like IT Techs in the 1980s, helping older businessmen navigate a strange new world – once technology, now sustainability.

28. Waste Management Consultant

Waste is a problem on our planet, and someone has to deal with the overflowing landfills. Consultants will be needed, with backgrounds in biology and chemistry, to bring new ideas to the table on how to break down and eliminate the tons of refuse currently clogging waterways and stretches of land. In addition, scientists are needed more than ever to come up with improved ways of dealing with e-waste, which is becoming a bigger problem with every passing year.

29. Food Scientist

What’s in your dinner? In the near future, that answer may get a lot more technical. Food science is huge: in genetics, vegetables are being modified for more pest-resistant corn and frost-resistant tomatoes spliced with fish genes. In agriculture, farmers are looking for better ways to grow food more organically on a local scale. Meanwhile, in chemistry, scientists are trying to build more effective supplements to make us stronger and healthier on less. No matter what your scientific interest, there’s a way to incorporate our most important fuel of the day.

30. LEED Certified Architect

These days, even constructing houses is a delicate science. People tend to want the best for their new homes, and increasingly this means paying special attention to environmental awareness concerns. For new up-and-coming architects, the smartest career move available is to invest time and study into LEED certification, giving you the training to draft buildings that are ecologically state-of-the-art. Your clients will thank you, and the Earth will thank you more.

31. Renewable Energy Technician

Many electricians these days are still working within the same tired old paradigm of energy resources – but we’re approaching a new age of energy, and the industry will soon require a heavy influx of fresh new faces that reflect that. In the past, industry standards dictated your career to consist mostly of repairing your standard air conditioners, radiators, and electric lines. Soon, however, these tasks will be upgraded to installing and troubleshooting solar panels and integrated home climate control centers as everyday consumers continue to embrace a new world of energy in all its sources.

32. Hydrologist

Water is one of our most vital resources, and hydrologists study both the form and function of water: its distribution, its physical properties, and patterns of circulation and rainfall. In recent years though, both private and government sectors are recruiting the talents of hydrologists for other purposes, namely conservation. With their reservoir of knowledge, hydrologists can help to predict drought zones, analyze quality of newly discovered water sources, and judge how safe construction projects are for surrounding bodies of water – all functions that make the skills of a well-trained hydrologist as desirable as water itself.

33. Sustainable Urban Planner

Individually, engineers and architects are all working on building cleaner and greener homes, offices, and vehicles. What about someone, however, who ties all of those individual pockets together into a cohesive city structure? Sustainable urban planners work hard to solve current spatial problems like urban sprawl and excess pollution with innovative ideas, or even build separate communities known as “eco-villages.” Who will construct the best solution since vertical farming? It could be you.

34. Geophysicist

The work of a geophysicist is in the study of the earth. Earthquakes, atmosphere, the shifting of the continents – these are all within a geophysicist’s realm of study. While some find work as professors, most are employed elsewhere. Some geophysicists work for government agencies, working with architects and predicting earthquake zones. Others work for mining, oil, and gas companies, charting magnetic forces and the probability of natural resources from location to location, making them a powerful asset in the corporate world.

35. Ecotourism Travel Guide

Preferred modes of vacation vary from person to person, and there is a new trend emerging in the travel world: ecotourism. Defined by the International Ecotourism Society as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people,” the main emphasis is on building awareness, fostering cultural sensitivity, and minimizing impact on the destinations visited. Thus far ecotourism has collected a niche following, but with our country’s recent enthusiasm over going green, it’s an industry poised for mainstream popularity.

36. Wind Turbine Technician

If solar power is the weathered veteran of the alternative energy trade, then wind turbines are the bright young upstart. As natural as the sun and just as plentiful, wind power is being hailed as one of the best new energy forms. At the moment, production is rocky due to the economy, but once funding picks up in the near future, wind is predicted to be one of the fastest growing industries in the green energy sector.

DIGITAL

37. Cyber Security Specialist

Back in the 1990s, hackers were demonized as the reckless pirate scourge of the internet. Who would have thought that, a short time later, their dexterous computer skills could be put to good use? Cyber security is a swiftly growing industry, and few reveal site weaknesses and better than those who know a thing or two about exploiting them. Interested in turning your cyber whiz skills into a real profession? With a degree and ambition, it’s possible.

38. Media Search Consultant

The internet is major in business these days, and being seen is everything. Nothing says “you’ve made it!” like showing up on the first page of a Google search, and media search consultants can make that happen. Armed with search engine knowledge, a good media search consultant finds clever keywords and the right ways to drive up traffic and take your website to the top (of search engine ranking)!

39. Data Technologist

Every year we are finding new ways to exchange and process data. We are conducting more business from the screen of a mobile phone than we ever could have thought possible ten years ago. It’s all thanks to data technologists, who are constantly designing and developing new technology from ever smaller processing chips to innovative operating systems to finding the next big thing. If we’re conducting business from the display of a cell phone today, who knows where we’ll be in another ten years?

40. Interface Designer

Pretty soon your PC won’t be the only interactive digital element of your home. It’s probably already started with your television, but more scientists are needed to work on ways to streamline the home experience. From integrated entertainment elements to simpler multifunction pads to adjust climate control devices, part of the challenge is to devise ways to make new interface elements attractive and user-friendly.

41. Distance Education Consultant

The future of college is online. There has been a boom in the distance learning sector over the past few years, as people struggle to balance getting a college education with holding down a day job to support themselves or a family in this economy. It’s a fairly new teaching model, however, and improvements are needed. In turn, more distance education consultants will be needed to develop new techniques and use innovation to solve any and all current problems within the structure of distance learning.

42. Site Acceleration Engineer

The internet is faster than it’s ever been before… but that doesn’t mean it can’t be faster still. The more people get online and the more data is transferred on a daily basis, the more innovation is needed to transfer that data faster and more efficiently. Computer science majors with an interest in the inner workings of the World Wide Web could find a rewarding career advancing the technology of the hypertext transfer protocol.

43. Computer Forensics Analyst

Crime takes many forms, and evidence is left everywhere if you know where to look. Sometimes evidence is locked away within computers, and that’s when computer forensics analysts are called in. In our generation and those to follow, computers and other data devices are found in nearly every household, making computer forensics a hot career commodity. With a solid education in computer science and a clever analytic mind, you can spearhead the next trend in CSI.

44. Quality Assurance Engineer

As new technology evolves, someone has to be on the frontline to observe, test, and suggest corrections for every prototype that emerges. These brave soldiers are known as QA Engineers, and the need for more sharp, analytical, computer-savvy minds will be huge as digital applications, devices, and components continue to stock our shelves at an exponential rate.

45. Cloud Computing Engineer

Look up “cloud computing” on Wikipedia and, faced with a 20 page thesis comprehensible only to comp-sci graduate students, you may assume it has nothing to do with you. Quite the contrary. Facebook, Wordpress, Flickr, Gmail: wherever you can store data and access it from any internet port, cloud computing is to be thanked. Savvy engineers are needed to brainstorm ways to streamline processes, cut costs, and enhance usability.

46. Internet Crack Team Volunteer

The internet is near limitless, but it is also fragile. Its integrity rests on the back of an elite group of programmers with the skills and the know-how to find errors, navigate the tenuous web of the internet, and restore service to damaged sectors. So far this job is selfless and volunteer only, but as the world becomes more dependent on internet service, it stands to reason that a few will find careers for themselves by doing what they’ve so thus far done for free.

47. Integrated Digital Media Specialist

Once, media outlets mostly worked independently: newspapers, film reels, glossy magazines were all completely separate entities. Thanks to the advent of the internet, however, media forms are starting to conglomerate. The journalist of the future must know how to harness the power of multimedia, working with photography, video, sound and written word to create a well-rounded picture of events that will stimulate the average media-saturated mind.

48. Casual Game Developer

PC and console video games have always been a mainstay of the gaming industry, but that industry is changing. With the advent of the internet and mobile applications, casual games have captured the hearts of people who might not otherwise be into gaming but appreciate those mini-distractions throughout the day. Advertisers have taken notice as well – high click rates for game-associated ads have made casual web-based gaming a rewarding pursuit for developers on various levels.

49. Mobile Application Developer

Progress in mobile technology has been swift and immense – it wasn’t so long ago that cell phones resembled bricks and car phones were a sign of wealth. Now, mobile phone use has spread throughout the ranks and technology has seriously blurred the line between phone, PDA, and personal computer. The mobile media industry is continuing to rise in revenue, and as technology continues to become more sophisticated, more developers will be needed to ensure its upward climb.

…AND BEYOND!

50.Intelligence Analyst

The world can be a scary place, but intelligence analysts help the general public to sleep a little more soundly at night. Usually working for the military – but sometimes for private interests – intelligence analysts examine information compiled from different intelligence operatives (think James Bond types), make sense of that information, and plot the next move of terrorists and villains before they make them. In the world’s political climate, intelligence analysts are always in need to save the day one encrypted file at a time.

51.Corrections Officer

Unfortunately, as the earth’s population continues to multiply, one of the side effects is that the prison systems start to overfill. In addition, new “tough on crime” legislations are demanding longer prison sentences and tighter control on inmates. Thanks to these circumstances, The Bureau of Labor Services is projecting growth for corrections officers in the near future, in both the public and private sectors.

52.Sarbanes-Oxley Specialist

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was introduced in 2002, to better regulate financial practices within the corporate sector. Observance of the act is not a choice: all businesses, no matter how large or small, are required to comply. It isn’t always simple, however, which is why many companies are hiring Sarbanes-Oxley specialists to work with their auditors to design business plans that both benefit the company and fall within the walls of compliance with the act. A fairly new profession, it seems poised to become a booming career choice for anyone with a mind for business and accounting.

53.Tax Examiner

Nothing can be said to be certain in life, except for death and taxes. Tax examiners have been around since practically the dawn of civilization, but as long as people are doing their taxes, tax examiners will be needed to check over those taxes and make sure that every credit, exemption, and addition is perfectly kosher.

54.Regulatory Compliance Officer

Are you a stickler for regulations? If you’re interested in a career as a regulatory compliance officer, it could really get you somewhere. Regulatory compliance officers work with corporate and administrative staff, ensuring that procedures at companies fall within acceptable boundaries for federal and state regulations. Just like tax officers, as long as we have a functioning government there will always be a need for compliance officers to keep things in order.

55.Small Business Owner

This one is really quite simple: there has never been a better time than right now to be a small business owner. Thanks to the internet, it’s easy to get your products to the public without a third party or the massive pull of corporate backing. If you have the ideas and the gumption (and a business degree for the know-how can’t hurt), then you have a mighty good chance of making your business plan work.

56.Welding Technologist

In a future world full of technology and cold metal science, few skilled tradesmen will be in higher demand than welders. Whether fitting together pieces for a factory machine, or repairing vital oil pipelines under the ocean, corporations need welders now and will only need them more in the future. In case the job security doesn’t sound convincing enough, according to Popular Mechanics most welders leave trade school making $17-20 per hour.

57.Employment Recruiter

Quite simply, a growing population demands a growing number of jobs, and the job-hunting climate in our country isn’t always the kindest. Regardless of our economy’s fluctuations, ever larger masses of people will be flocking to employment agencies to help them find suitable careers in a time when “suitable careers” are far from a free-flowing commodity.

58.Financial Engineer

Entrenched in both finance and technology, the financial engineer is a unique animal. Financial engineers are well-versed in finance and mathematics, money and technology, and the relationships between them. Unlike risk-taking stock market cowboys, financial engineers

59.Quantitative Finance Analyst

Also known affectionately as “quants,” quantitative finance analysts are the numerical wizards of the finance world. Rather than gamble stocks and bonds based on trends and feelings, quants employ mathematical concepts, patterns, and even calculus to better understand investments and offer quality solutions for investors. If this line of work interests you, rethink that economics major: most quants hold degrees in physics and mathematics.

60.Virtual Services Worker

The internet has changed everything, from the way we communicate to the way we handle daily transactions. Role playing wonderlands like Second Life may have started out purely recreational, but forward thinking captains of industry have established nightclubs, shops, and even online colleges within its cyber-walls. Of course, someone has to keep those establishments running. As more people venture into virtual reality otherworlds, more people will be needed to conduct sales and offer a friendly personal voice, without ever leaving home.

DB2 Express-C helps Russian ISV improve performance 5-10 times

2009-09-29T16:49:00.000+05:30

If you spend any time in the fast growing Russian IT market there is one name you will no doubt be familiar with. I am not talking about Microsoft, Oracle, HP or even IBM. A company with a very short name “1C” is an icon of the Russian IT economy. Founded in 1991, 1C helped the newly formed Russian companies to get proper accounting and other financial management footing to be able to compete on the local markets and to enter and, in many cases, lead in the global economy. 1C is a major software distributor and an award winning game developer. If you like combat flight simulators you have to try IL-2 Sturmovik.

However, 1C is best known for their very comprehensive business software suit called 1C:Enterprise. You can find 1C:Enterprise in just about every Russian company from a street vendor to the largest corporations and government organizations and everything in between. As a matter of fact a very recent report by IDC on the Russian market for Enterprise Application Software (EAS) positions 1C as the number 2 vendor in the Russian market by revenue, leaving Oracle, Microsoft and others well behind. When the number of customers or the number of seats in the install base is taken in to account, 1C is the market leader.

The success of 1C:Enterprise can be attributed to the power and, more important, the flexibility of the 1C:Enterprise platform. It is indeed the platform that allows more than 5000 of the 1C partners throughout Russia, Baltic states, Germany and Eastern European countries to deliver highly customized solutions to their customers in all industries.

IBM and 1C have been working together for quite some time now to optimize 1C:Enterprise platform when used with DB2. In addition to local support provided by the IBM Developer Relations team in Russia, 1C:Enterprise platform development team has direct links in to the DB2 development laboratory. DB2 development team uses 1C:Enterprise to verify and validate functionality and performance of the DB2 products. Both companies have modified their respective products to ensure that a combined 1C:Enterprise – DB2 solution delivers top level of performance, reliability and scalability. For example, DB2 has an environment variable DB2WORKLOAD that can now be set to 1C to have DB2 highly adopted for the 1C:Enterprise workload. And 1C:Enterprise sets the value as part of the product installation and configuration.

This has been a lot of work for both 1C and the IBM DB2 development teams. But it is the 1C partners and customers who are reaping the benefits. Internal measurements show that DB2 allows for a great increase in the number of users that 1C:Enterprise can handle. And customers have experienced significant performance improvements and in some cases performance improvement can be best described as “dramatic”. One example is a 1C:Enterprise implementation at Arktos, HVAC equipment manufacturer, described in this article (in Russian). The project was performed by BIT, a 1C business partner. Arktos wanted to improve the overall responsiveness of the system, automate database backups and drastically reduce recovery times that it would encounter in case of failures. BIT migrated the 1C:Enterprise at Arktos to DB2 Express-C and as a result Arktos saw an average speed improvement of most business operations of 10x. I think the quote in the article describes the benefits very well:

Oleg Ilyin: “The installation of the new system allowed us to accelerate most of our business processes, which led to significant reduction in time required to complete most business transactions - 5 to 10 times on the average. For example, the time required to process financial month close transactions was reduced from 4-6 hours to 10-11 minutes. With the help of the DBMS (DB2 Express-C) we now have an automated, fast and reliable process for recovering data and restoring system in cases of failure of the information system.”

Ellison: Oracle does not compete with MySQL … MySQL disagrees

2009-09-23T22:40:00.000+05:30

Ellison: Oracle does not compete with MySQL … MySQL disagrees

Today 23/9/2009 is Equinox

2009-09-23T11:38:00.001+05:30

DAy and NigHT is Exactly 12hrs today.....!

An equinox occurs twice a year, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is inclined neither away from nor towards the Sun, the Sun being vertically above a point on the Equator. The term equinox can also be used in a broader sense, meaning the date when such a passage happens. The name "equinox" is derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night), because around the equinox, the night and day are approximately equally long. It may be better understood to mean that latitudes +L and -L north and south of the equator experience nights of equal length. The word is also used for the same event happening on other planets and in setting up a celestial coordinate system; see equinox (celestial coordinates). At an equinox, the Sun is at one of two opposite points on the celestial sphere where the celestial equator (i.e. declination 0) and ecliptic intersect. These points of intersection are called equinoctial points: the vernal point and the autumnal point. By extension, the term equinox may denote an equinoctial point. An equinox happens each year at two specific moments in time (rather than two whole days), when there is a location on the Earth's Equator where the centre of the Sun can be observed to be vertically overhead, occurring around March 20/21 and September 22/23 each year.

DNA MATCHING IS NOT INFALLIBLE

2009-09-23T11:02:00.001+05:30

Speaking of tests that aren't all they're cracked up to be, let's look at DNA testing. This is supposed to be the absolute silver bullet of criminal justice, an incontrovertible way to pin guilt on someone. After all, the chances of a mismatch are one in a billion, a quadrillion, a jillion! Some experts have testified under oath that a false match is literally impossible. Not quite. As he did with HIV testing, risk scholar Gerd Gigerenzer of the Max Planck Institute punches a hole in the matching of genetic material: In the first blind test reported in the literature, three major commercial laboratories were each sent 50 DNA samples. Two of the three declared one false match; in a second test one year later, one of the same three laboratories declared a false match. From external tests conducted by the California Association of I Crime Laboratory Directors, the Collaborative Testing Services, and other agencies, the psychologist Jonathan Koehler and his colleagues estimated the false positive rate of DNA fingerprinting to be on the order of 1 in 100. Cellmark Diagnostics, one of the laboratories that found matches between O.J. Simpson's DNA and DNA extracted from a recovered blood stain at the murder scene, reported its own false positive rate to the Simpson defense as roughly 1 in 200. It gets even worse. In 1999, the College of American Pathologists performed its own secret tests of 135 labs. Each lab was sent a DNA sample from the "victim," some semen from the "suspect," and a fake vaginal swab containing DNA from both parties. They were also sent a strand of the "victim's" hair. The object was to see how many of the labs would make the matches (ie, match the two sperm samples of the man, and match the hair and DNA sample of the woman). But something unexpected happened: Three of the labs reported that the DNA from the suspect matched the victim's DNA! Obviously, they had mixed up the samples. Only fourteen labs tested the hair, but out of those, one screwed it up by declaring a match to the "suspect." These kind of switches don't happen only during artificial situations designed to gauge a lab's accuracy (which are usually performed under ideal conditions). During a 1995 rape trial, a lab reversed the labels on the DNA samples from the victim and the defendant. Their testing then revealed a match between the defendant's alleged DNA (which was actually the victim's) and the DNA on the vaginal swab, which didn't contain any semen from the rapist. Luckily, this boneheaded move was caught during the trial, but not everyone is so lucky. The Journal of Forensic Science has reported an error that was discovered only after an innocent man had been convicted of raping an 11-year-old girl and sentenced to prison, where lie was undoubtedly brutalized in ways that would give you nightmares for the rest of your life, were you to hear them described in detail. After four years, he was released because the lab hadn't completely separated the real rapist's DNA (extracted from his semen) from the victim's DNA. When the two were swirled together, they somehow matched that of the poor bastard whose eleven alibi witnesses failed to sway the jury. But when the semen DNA was checked properly, it was beyond doubt that a match didn't exist. While most false matches are the result of human error, other factors do come into play. Some testing techniques are more definitive than others. In the case of one innocent man — Josiah Sutton, found guilty of rape based primarily on DNA evidence — criminology professor William C. Thompson said: "If police picked any two black men off the street, the chances that one of them would have a DNA profile that 'matched' the semen sample as well as Sutton's profile is better than one in eight." Also, we mustn't forget about corruption. In some known cases, DNA analysts have misrepresented (ie, lied about) their findings in order to obtain convictions.

GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED HUMANS HAVE ALREADY BEEN BORN

2009-09-23T10:42:00.001+05:30

The earthshaking news appeared in the medical journal Human Reproduction under the impenetrable headline: "Mitochondria in Human Offspring Derived From Ooplasmic Transplantation." The media put the story in heavy rotation for one day, then forgot about it. We all forgot about it. But the fact remains that the world is now populated by dozens of children who were genetically engineered. It still sounds like science fiction, yet it's true. In the first known application of germline gene therapy — in which an individual's genes are changed in a way that can be passed to offspring — doctors at a reproductive facility in New Jersey announced in March 2001 that nearly 30 healthy babies had been born with DNA from three people: dad, mom, and a second woman. Fifteen were the product of the fertility clinic, with the other fifteen or so coming from elsewhere. The doctors believe that one cause for failure of women to conceive is that their ova contain old mitochondria (if you don't remember your high school biology class, mitochondria are the part of cells that provides energy). These sluggish eggs fail to attach to the uterine wall when fertilized. In order to soup them up, scientists injected them with mitochondria from a younger woman. Since mitochondria contain DNA, the kids have the genetic material of all three parties. The DNA from the "other woman" can even be passed down along the female line. The big problem is that no one knows what effects this will have on the children or their progeny. In fact, this substitution of mitochondria hasn't been studied extensively on animals, never mind homo sapiens. The doctors reported that the kids are healthy, but they neglected to mention something crucial. Although the fertility clinic's technique resulted in fifteen babies, a total of seventeen fetuses had been created. One of them had been aborted, and the other miscarried. Why? Both of them had a rare genetic disorder, Turner syndrome, which only strikes females. Ordinarily, just one in 2,500 females is born with this condition, in which one of the X chromo-somes is incomplete or totally missing. Yet two out of these seventeen fetuses had developed it. If we assume that nine of the fetuses were female (around 50 percent), then two of the nine female fetuses had this rare condition. Internal documents from the fertility clinic admit that this amazingly high rate might be due to the ooplasmic transfer. Even before the revelation about Turner syndrome became known, many experts were appalled that the technique had been used. A responding article in Human Reproduction said, in a dry understatement: "Neither the safety nor efficacy of this method has been adequately investigated." Ruth Deech, chair of Britain's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, told the BBC: "There is a risk, not just to the baby, but to future generations which we really can't assess at the moment." The number of children who have been born as a result of this technique is unknown. The original article gave the number as "nearly thirty," but this was in early 2001. At that time, at least two of the mutant children were already one year old. Dr. Joseph Cummin, professor emeritus of biology at the University of Western Ontario, says that no further information about these 30 children has appeared in the medical literature or the media. As far as additional children born with two mommies and a daddy, Cummin says that a report out of Norway in 2003 indicated that ooplasmic transfer has been used to correct mitochondrial disease. He opines: "It seems likely that the transplants are going on, but very, very quietly in a regulatory vacuum, perhaps."

WORK KILLS MORE PEOPLE THAN WAR

2009-09-15T16:48:00.001+05:30

The United Nations' International Labor Organization has revealed some horrifying stats:
The ILO estimates that approximately two million workers lose their lives annually due to occupational injuries and illnesses, with accidents causing at least 350,000 deaths a year. For every fatal accident, there are an estimated 1,000 non-fatal injuries, many of which result in lost earnings, permanent disability and poverty. The death toll at work, much of which is attributable to unsafe working practices, is the equivalent of 5,000 workers dying each day, three persons every minute.
This is more than double the figure for deaths from warfare (650,000 death* per year). According to the ILO's SafeWork programme, work kills more people than alcohol and
drugs together and the resulting loss in Gross Domestic Product is 20 times greater than all official development assistance to the developing countries.
Each year, 6,570 US workers die because of injuries at work, while 60,225 meet their maker due to occupational diseases. (Meanwhile, 13.2 million get hurt, and 1.1 million develop illnesses that don't kill them.) On an average day, two or three workers are fatally shot, two fall to their deaths, one is killed after being smashed by a vehicle, and one is electrocuted. Each year, around 30 workers die of heat stroke, and another 30 expire from carbon monoxide. Although blue collar workers face a lot of the most obvious dangers, those slaving in offices or stores must contend with toxic air, workplace violence, driving accidents, and (especially for the health-care workers) transmissible diseases. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
warns that poisonous indoor air in nonindustrial workplaces causes "[t]housands of heart disease deaths [and] hundreds of lung cancer deaths" each year. But hey, everybody has to go sometime, right? And since we spend so much of our lives in the
workplace, it's only logical that a lot of deaths happen — or at least are set into motion — on the job. This explanation certainly is true to an extent, but it doesn't excuse all such deaths. The International Labor Organization says that half of workplace fatalities are avoidable. In A Job to Die For, Lisa Cullen writes:
In the workplace, few real accidents occur because the surroundings and operations are known; therefore, hazards can be identified. When harm from those hazards can be foreseen, accidents can be prevented.... Most jobs have expected, known hazards. Working in and near excavations, for example, poses the obvious risks of death or injury from cave-in.... When trenches or excavations collapse because soil was piled right up to the edge, there is little room to claim it was an accident.

courtesy:internet

TGMC as Curriculum

2009-09-09T12:13:00.001+05:30

Today i Check the TGMC site for updates and i was amazed to find that around 21 colleges have added this as their curriculum.i remembered the year 2006 TGMC i was doing my 2nd year in my college.my dept HOD instructed the Seniors to do TGMC project as their B.E. Final year project for CSE.

Around 10 teams completed it and submitted to the IBM..

Oracle DBA Fundamental 2 Exam Questions and Answers

2009-08-26T17:37:00.002+05:30

Q: What are the Oracle Background Processes?
A: The Oracle Background Processes are programs or tasks that run on the Oracle background
such as log writers, db writers, archives, checkpoint, etc.

Q: Describe the V$BGPROCESS view.
A: The V$BGPROCESS view contains information about active and inactive background processes.

Q: Describe the following background processes:
PMON
DBWn
ARC0
CKPT
LGWR
SMON
RECO
A: PMON - The Process Monitor (PMON) is responsible for performing recovery if a user
process fails and rolls back the uncommitted transactions. DBWn - The Database Writer
(DBWn) is responsible for writing the changed blocks or dirty blocks in the database.
ARC0 - The Archiver (ARC0) is responsible for writing the Online redo log files into the
archive log destination. CKPT - The checkpoint process (CKPT) is responsible for
synchronizing the buffer cache with the data file. It updates all datafile headers and the
control files. LGWR - The Log Writer (LGWR) is responsible for writing data from redo
log buffers to the online redo log files. SMON - The System Monitor process (SMON)
is responsible for instance recovery. RECO - The Re-coverer Process (RECO) is
responsible for performing recovery of in-doubt transactions that often occur in distributed
transactions.

Q: Describe an archive log configuration.
A: In an archive log configuration, Oracle grantees to recover to the point of failure.

Q: What does the ARCHIVE LOG LIST command?
A: The ARCHIVE LOG LIST command shows information about the database archive
log mode status.

Q: What are disadvantage and advantage of a database in the NOARCHIVELOG mode?
A: Disadvantage: You can’t recover to the database point of failure. Advantage: It will
use fewer resources.

Q: What are disadvantage and advantage of a database in the ARCHIVELOG mode?
A: Advantage: You can recover to the database point of failure. Disdvantage: It will use
more resources.

Q: What does the following SQL statememt?
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$bgprocess
WHERE PADDR <> '00'
/
A: It shows all the active Oracle background processes.

Q: How do you test that a database is in archivelog or not?
A: SQL> ARCHIVE LOG LIST

Q: What is the controlfile in the Oracle database?
A: The controlfile in the Oracle database is a binary file that contains the database structure,
backup information, datafiles synchronization, and more.

Q: How do you get a list of all your controlfiles’ location?
A: SQL> SELECT name FROM v$controlfile

Q: Describe the following views:
V$CONTROLFILE view
V$CONTROLFILE _RECORD_SECTION view
A: The V$CONTROLFILE view contains the location of your controlfiles and their status.
The V$CONTROLFILE _RECORD_SECTION view shows different section information
such as record_size, records_total, records_used, etc.

Q: What do the following SQL statements?
SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO 'c:\backupcontrolfile\control_ddmmyyyy.ctl'A: Copies controlfile exactly as it was on the time of its backup.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE A: Gets a SQL statement. We can use it to re-create the controlfile if we needed.SQL> SELECT * FROM v$controlfile_record_sectionA: Queries information about different section in the controlfile.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to multiplex controlfiles to protect your organization
from a possible and unexpected loss of controlfiles, due to media failure. You task is to add
one more controlfile to you database. What are the steps?
A:
Add one more controlfile entry into the parameter file.
You shut down the database.
Copy one of the controlfiles to with the new name that was added to the parameter file.
Start your database.

Q: How do you configure your database to an archivelog mode?
A:
1- SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLOSE 2- SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG3- Add the following statement into your parameter file.
Log_archive_start =true log_archive_dest =’c:\archivelogs’log_archive_format =’arc%S.%T ’
4- SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN

Q: How do you query your database’s archive log information?
A: SQL> ARCHIVE LOG LIST

Q: How do you set an archive log destination?
A: SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG START TO 'c:\archivelogs';

Q: What is the Server Parameter file (SPFILE)?
A: The Server Parameter File (SPFILE) is the same as the database parameter file. The only
difference is: it is in a binary format code and can not be read or edited. It is used to change
the Oracle system parameters dynamically by using the ALTER SYSTEM SET command.

Q: What do the following statements do?
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_start =true SCOPE=spfile A: It changes the archive log automatic start.
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest ='c:\archivelogs' SCOPE=spfileA: It changes the archive log destination dynamically.
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_format ='arc%S.%T ' SCOPE=spfileA: It changes the archive log format dynamically.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to recover any failures to a point of failure and also to
perform your backup while in online status. Your shop is 24x7 and you are not able to
shutdown the database. Therefore, the database has to be in an archive mode. You should
change you database mode from noarchivelog to archivelog mode. What are the steps
that you should perform to change your database mode?
A:
1- SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLOSE 2- SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG3- Add the following statement into your parameter file.
Log_archive_start =true log_archive_dest =’c:\archivelogs’log_archive_format =’arc%S.%T ’
4- SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN

Q: Describe an online redo log file in a database.
A: The online redo log files are used to store Oracle user’s entries; and once it is full, the file
will be archived to an assigned destination in the Oracle database. The log writer process
writes those users entries from the redo log buffer.

Q: How do you add a redo log file group 3 to a database structure?
A: SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE
GROUP 3 SIZE 2M;

Q: How do you resize a redo log file?
A: You should remove the redo log file and then re-create it with a new size.

Q: How do you drop a redo log file 3?
A: You can drop the online redo log groups that bear the status of INACTIVE. SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP LOGFILE
GROUP 3;

Q: Describe the V$LOG and V$LOGFILE views.
A: Note that the V$LOG dictionary view contains information such as its group number,
size, member, status, archived, and the first change number in the log. The V$LOGFILE
dictionary view contains the location of logs and their status.
Q: What does the following SQL statement?
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$archived_log WHERE recid > (SELECT MAX(recid) - 10 FROM v$archived_log)/
A: Queries the last 10 archived logs.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to maintain and relocate the Redo Log files in order to
distribute data among multiple hard disks to increase I/O performance. Your task is to relocate
only of the redo log file from it original location c:\orignial_location to c:\newlocation sub-directory.
What are the steps?
A:
Check the status of its group, if it is inactive then drop it.
Create an online redo log group with the same group number.

Q: How do you set an Oracle-Managed archive log file destination?
A: SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_duplex_dest='c:\my2ndArclogs';

Q: Describe an Oracle-Managed File (OMF).
A: An Oracle-managed file is a file that Oracle takes control to manage it.

Q: What are the following views?
V$ARCHIVE_DEST view
V$ARCHIVED_LOG view
V$LOG _HISTORY view
A: The V$ARCHIVE_DEST view shows information about archive destinations.
The V$ARCHIVED_LOG view shows all created archived log information.
The V$LOG _HISTORY view shows that what was the first change number on that log.

Q: What is the Sequence Archive log number?
A: It is a number that will be assigned for each archived log file.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to duplex archived Online Redo log files in order to
protect the organization from a loss of or a case of corrupted archived files. Take one of
the redo log file group and add a member to it in a different disk. What are the steps?
A:
1- SQL> SHOW PARAMETER %archive%dest2- SQL> HOST MKDIR c:\my2ndArclogs3- SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_duplex_dest='c:\my2ndArclogs';

Q: How many backup do we have?
A: Two! They are the Physical and Logical backups. The physical backup can be performed
as a COLD backup or HOT backup. The logical backup can be performed while the Oracle
database is running using the EXP command.

Q: What is a cold or offline database backup?
A: It is a part of the recovery process and will be performed when the Oracle database is
shutdown with immediate, transactional or normal options.

Q: Describe a usage of the following views:
V$DATABASE view
V$LOGFILE view
V$DATAFILE view
V$CONTROLFILE view
A: The V$DATABASE view contains information about the Oracle database such as the
database id, name, created date, database mode, log mode, etc. The V$LOGFILE view
contains information about the location of logs, their status, etc. The V$DATAFILE view
contains information about datafiles’ location, their status, etc. The V$CONTROLFILE
view contains information about controlfiles’ location, their status, etc.

Q: To perform a COLD backup, does the database need to be in an archivelog mode?
A: No.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to backup the database and restore the data in case of a
loss of data due to media failure. Based on your organization’s business rules, the database can
be shutdown every day for 5 hours. You also know the backup won’t take more than an hour.
You want to use the COLD backup process once a day. Write a script to perform a complete
cold backup.
A: SQL> SET ECHO OFF SQL> SET HEADING OFF SQL> SET FEEDBACK OFF SQL> SET PAGESIZE 1000 SQL> SPOOL c:\userbkup\my_COLD_bkup.sql SQL> SELECT 'HOST COPY ' name ' c:\userbkup\*;'
FROM v$controlfile; SQL> SELECT 'HOST COPY ' name ' c:\userbkup\*;'
FROM v$datafile; SQL> SELECT 'HOST COPY ' member ' c:\userbkup\*;'
FROM v$logfile; SQL> SELECT ‘HOST COPY \
‘%ORACLE_BASE\admin\school\pfile\init.ora \
c:\userbkup\*;’ FROM dual;
SQL> SQL> SPOOL OFF SQL> SET HEADING ON SQL> SET FEEDBACK ON SQL> SET PAGESIZE 55 SQL> SET ECHO ON

Q: What is a HOT or OFFLINE backup
A: It is a part of the recovery process and will be performed when the Oracle database is running.

Q: Describe the DBA_DATA_FILES dictionary view.
A: This dictionary view provides datafiles’ statistics information.

Q: How do you perform a hot backup on a tablespace?
A: We backup one tablespace at a time:
1- ALTER TABLESPACE mytablespace BEGIN BACKUP;
2- Copy all its datafiles’ locations.
3- ALTER TABLESPACE mytablespace END BACKUP;

Q: What are the differences between a hot and cold backup?
A: The Oracle database must be closed before performing a COLD backup but while you are
performing a HOT backup; your database doesn’t need to be closed.

Q: What do the following SQL statements?
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE tools BEGIN BACKUP;
A: Put all the tablespace’s datafiles in the backup mode and don’t apply any changes to the
datafiles unless I end the backup mode.SQL> HOST COPY \
C:\ORA9I\ORADATA\SCHOOL\TOOLS01.DBF \
C:\userhotbkup\*
A: Start copying or backing up all the tablespace’s datafiles.
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE tools END BACKUP;
A: End the tablespace backup mode.

Q: Describe the V$DATAFILE and DBA_DATA_FILES dictionary views?
A: See the above descriptions.

Q: Describe the TOTAL PAGES FAILING output from dbv utility.
A: If the TOTAL PAGES FAILING values are greater zero when you perform the DBV
command, it means there are problems in the datafile. You should only perform the ONLINE
tablespace backup when the tablespace’s datafile values are zero.

Q: How do you OFFLINE a tablespace?
A: SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE users OFFLINE;

Q: How many different OFFLINE option do you have for a tablespace?
A: The NORMAL (default option), TEMPORARY or IMMEDIATE options. Note that
if you use the TEMPORARY or IMMEDIATE options for OFFLINE, you will not be able
to get the tablespace ONLINE unless you perform a media recovery.

Q: How do you perform an integrity check on a datafile?
A: MS-DOS> dbv file=C:\ORACLE\ORA90\SCHOOL\USERS01.DBF -
BLOCKSIZE=4096

Q: What does the dbv utility?
A: It performs an integrity check on a datafile.

Q Can you ONLINE a tablespace that was OFFLINE with the TEMPORARY or
IMMEDIATE options?
A: No, unless you perform a media recovery.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to backup the tablespace or datafile and restore the
data to the point of failure in case of a loss of data due to a media hard disk crash. Your
organization is a 24x7 day shop and you are not able to shutdown the database. You have
to use HOT or ONLINE backup . How do you perform a tablespace backup?
A:
4- ALTER TABLESPACE mytablespace BEGIN BACKUP;
5- Copy all its datafiles’ locations.
6- ALTER TABLESPACE mytablespace END BACKUP;
-- OR --
7- ALTER TABLESPACE mytablespace OFFLINE;
8- Copy all its datafiles’ locations.
9- ALTER TABLESPACE mytablespace ONLINE;

Q: How do you store a destroyed datafile when Oracle is online and running?
A:
1- Offline the tablespace.
2- Restore the tablespace’s datafile or datafiles.
3- Recover the tablespace.
4- Online the tablespace.

Q: How do you recover a tablespace?
A: SQL> RECOVER TABLESPACE mytablespqace;

Q: What does the following SQL statement?
SQL> RECOVER TABLESPACE users;
A: It recovers the USERS tablespace.

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to recover the database to the point of failure due to
a loss of data and a media failure. Assuming that you lost your TOOLS’s datafiles, what
are the steps to recover the datafiles to the point of failure?
A:
1- ATLER TABLESPACE tools OFFLINE;
2- Restore the tablespace datafile or datafiles.
3- RECOVER TABLESPACE tools;
4- ALTER TABLESPACE tools ONLINE;

Q: What is a physical backup?
A: A physical backup is one of a database recovery steps that is performed based
on a database physical layout.

Q: What is a logical backup?
A: A logical backup is one of a database recovery steps that is performed based
on a database logical layout.

Q: How do you perform a logical backup?
A: MS-DOS> exp

Q: How do you perform a logical restore?
A: MS-DOS> imp

Q: You, as a DBA, are responsible to perform a logical backup using the EXP tool .
Notice that if the loss of data since the last time of backup is not significant then a logical
backup is a good option to use. Scott lost its EMP table and you have been tasked to
restore it using the IMP utility.
A: MS-DOS> IMP userid=… file=myexport.dmp tables=EMP

Q: What are the steps to perform an automated Oracle COLD backup?
A:
1- Shutdown the database,2- Backup the database files, 3- Startup the database.
Q: What does the UTL_FILE _DIR parameter?
A: This parameter gives permission to Oracle to write or read from defined directory.

Q: What does the following SQL statements do?
GRANT
SELECT ON v_$datafile TO xxx; GRANT
SELECT ON v_$logfile TO xxx; GRANT
SELECT ON v_$controlfile TO xxx; GRANT
A: They grant select privileges to the user xxx who wants to access to those views.
Q: Write a stored procedure that will create a UNIX script, and then performs your COLD backup.

A: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE script4coldbackup (p_filepath IN VARCHAR2, p_orahome IN VARCHAR2, p_sid IN VARCHAR2)IS -- Get the datafiles cursor c_filename is select name from v$datafile; -- Get the controlfiles cursor c_controlfile is select name from v$controlfile; -- Get the logfiles cursor c_logfile is select member from v$logfile; output_file UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE; v_msg VARCHAR2(100); v_path VARCHAR2(100);BEGIN v_path := p_filepath; output_file := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(v_path, 'script4coldbackup.sh','w'); -- preparation for shutdown database... UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', '#!/bin/sh'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file, 'ORACLE_SID=%s \n',p_sid); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'export ORACLE_SID'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file, 'ORACLE_HOME=%s \n',p_orahome); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'export ORACLE_SID'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', '$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog << EOF'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'CONNECT internal/'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s %s/coldbackup.log \n', 'spool',v_path); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;'); -- process the datafiles FOR this IN c_filename LOOP UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'host cp %s %s\n', this.name, v_path); END LOOP; -- process the controlfiles FOR this IN c_controlfile LOOP UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'host cp %s %s\n', this.name, v_path); END LOOP; -- process the logfiles FOR this IN c_logfile LOOP UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'host cp %s %s\n', this.member, v_path); END LOOP; -- preparation for startup the database... UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'CONNECT internal/'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'STARTUP;'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'exit'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'EOF'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE_ALL;EXCEPTION WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_PATH THEN UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Path'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_MODE THEN UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Mode'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_OPERATION then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Operation'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_FILEHANDLE then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Filehandle'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.WRITE_ERROR then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Write Error'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.READ_ERROR then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Read Error'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INTERNAL_ERROR then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Internal Error'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN OTHERS THEN UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'others'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file);
END script4coldbackup;
Q: Write a UNIX or DOS script to create the "script4coldbackup.sh" script and then run it in the coldbackup directory. Call it RunColdBackup.sh.A: #!/bin/shORACLE_SID=travexport ORACLE_SIDBACKUP_HOME=/u07/coldbackupexport BACKUP_HOMEORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_BASE$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog <<>

Q: What are the steps to create an automated Oracle HOT backup?
A:
1- Put each tablespace into the BACKUP mode,
2- Backup its datafile or datafiles,
3- Put them off the BACKUP mode.
4- Repeat this for all the database tablespaces.

Q: Write a procedure to create a script to perform the actual HOT or ONLINE backup .
A:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE script4hotbackup (p_filepath IN VARCHAR2, p_orahome IN VARCHAR2, p_sid IN VARCHAR2)IS -- Get the tablespace name cursor c_tablespace is select distinct tablespace_name from dba_data_files; -- Get the datafiles cursor c_filename (p_tablespace VARCHAR2) is select file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name = p_tablespace; output_file UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE; v_msg VARCHAR2(100); v_path VARCHAR2(100); v_arch VARCHAR2(100) := '/u01/app/oracle/admin//arch';
BEGIN v_path := p_filepath; output_file := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(v_path, 'script4coldbackup.sh','w'); -- preparation for shutdown database... UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', '#!/bin/sh'); UTL_FILE
.PUTF(output_file, 'ORACLE_SID=%s \n',p_sid); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'export ORACLE_SID'); UTL_FILE
.PUTF(output_file, 'ORACLE_HOME=%s \n',p_orahome); UTL_FILEPUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'export ORACLE_SID'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', '$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog << EOF'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'CONNECT internal/'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s %s/coldbackup.log \n', 'spool',v_path); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;'); -- Process Online backup for each tablespace. FOR this IN c_tablespace LOOP UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'ALTER TABLESPACE %s BEGIN BACKUP;\n', this.tablespace_name); -- process the datafiles in each tablespace FOR v_datafile IN c_filename (this.tablespace_name) LOOP UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'host cp %s %s;\n', v_datafile.file_name, v_path); END LOOP; UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'ALTER TABLESPACE %s END BACKUP;\n', this.tablespace_name); END LOOP; -- Process ONLINE backup for the controlfiles UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file, 'ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO %s/controlbkup.ctl;\n', v_path); -- Swith the online redo log file. UTL_FILE
.PUTF(output_file, 'ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;\n'); -- Copy all archive log files... UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'host cp %s/arc*.log %s\n', v_arch, v_path); -- Remove all copied archive log files... UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'host rm %s/arc*.log\n', v_arch); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'exit'); UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'%s \n', 'EOF'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE_ALL;
EXCEPTION WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_PATH THEN UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Path'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_MODE THEN UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Mode'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_OPERATION then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Operation'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_FILEHANDLE then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Invalid Filehandle'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.WRITE_ERROR then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Write Error'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.READ_ERROR then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Read Error'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN UTL_FILE.INTERNAL_ERROR then UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'Internal Error'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file); WHEN OTHERS THEN UTL_FILE.PUTF(output_file,'others'); UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(output_file);END script4hotbackup;

Q: Write a UNIX script to create the "script4hotbackup.sh" script and then run it in the hotbackup directory. Call it RunHotBackup.sh.
A:
#!/bin/shORACLE_SID=export ORACLE_SIDBACKUP_HOME=/u07/hotbackupexport BACKUP_HOMEORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_BASE$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog << EOFconnect INTERNAL/DECLARE v_bckhome VARCHAR2(100) := '/u07/hotbackup'; v_orahome VARCHAR2(100) := '/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7'; v_sid VARCHAR2(100) := 'your-sid';BEGIN script4hotbackup(v_bckhome,v_orahome,v_sid);END;/exitEOF
chmod 770 $BACKUP_HOME/script4hotbackup.shcp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora $BACKUP_HOME/.cp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora $BACKUP_HOME/.cp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora $BACKUP_HOME/.cp $ORACLE_BASE/admin/trav/pfile/inittrav.ora $BACKUP_HOME/.$BACKUP_HOME/script4hotbackup.sh

Q: How do you create the RMAN repository?
A:
1- Create RMAN tablespace
2- Create RMAN user 3- Grant CONNECT, RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER , SYSDBA Roles

Q: How do you create the RMAN user?
A: SQL> CREATE USER rman IDENTIFIED BY password DEFAULT TABLESPACE rman_tablespace QUOTA UNLIMITED ON rman_tablespace;

Q: How do you create the RMAN objects?
A: rman> CREATE CATALOG ;

Q: How do you create the RMAN tablespace?
A: SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE rman_tablespace DATAFILE 'c:/newfolder/rman_tablespace_01.dbf' SIZE 50M AUTOEXTEND ON;

Q: What does the RMAN RCVCAT command?
A: Sign in to the rman catalog database.

Q: What does the DBMS_RCVCAT package?
A: The DBMS_RCVCAT package is responsible for maintaining information in the recovery catalog.

Q: What does the DBMS_RCVMAN package?
A: The DBMS_RCVMAN package is used for querying the recovery catalog or the control file.

Q: What do the following SQL and RMAN commands do?

SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE rman_tablespace DATAFILE 'c:/newfolder/rman_tablespace_01.dbf' SIZE 50M AUTOEXTEND ON;A: It creates the rman tablespace.
SQL> CREATE USER rman IDENTIFIED BY password DEFAULT TABLESPACE rman_tablespace QUOTA UNLIMITED ON rman_tablespace;A: It creates the rman user.
SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER , SYSDBA
TO rman;A: It grants necessary roles privileges to the rman user. rman> CREATE CATALOG ;
A: It creates the rman catalog.SQL> SELECT object_name FROM dba_objects WHERE owner = 'RMAN' and object_type = 'PACKAGE';A: It queries the rman packages.

Q: How do you register a database to a RMAN utility?
A: rman> REGISTER DATABASE ;

Q: How do you synchronize a catalog?
A: rman> RESYNC CATALOG ;

Q: How do you backup a datafile of a database using RMAN?
A: rman> BACKUP DATAFILE 7;

Q: How do you backup a controlfile using RMAN?
A: rman> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE ;

Q: What do the following SQL and RMAN commands do?
SQL> SELECT file_id, tablespace_name, bytes FROM dba_data_filesA: It queries one or more file_id associated to a tablespace.
DOS> rman CATALOG rman/password@dbs4rman
TARGET system/manager@schoolA: It logs in the rman with the dbs4rman database catalog and the school database target.
rman> REGISTER DATABASE ;
A: It registers the target database.

rman> RESYNC CATALOG ;
A: It resynchronizes the database catalog with the target database.

rman> CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO –
'c:\newfolder\snape01.snp';
A: It backups a controlfile.rman> BACKUP DATAFILE 7;
A: It backups a datafile.rman> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE ;
A: It backup the current controlfile.rman> EXIT;
A: It will exit the rman utility.

Q: How do you configure a RMAN retention policy?
A: RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;

Q: How do you exclude a tablespace from a daily backup?
A: RMAN> CONFIGURE EXCLUDE FOR TABLESPACE tools;

Q: How do you perform an image copy of a datafile?
A: RMAN> COPY DATAFILE 7
TO 'c:\RMANBKUP\dbf_yymmdd.dbf' NOCHECKSUM;

Q: Describe the NOCHECKSUM parameter.
A: It is a parameter to make sure that there is no datafile integrity problem.

Q: How do you perform an image copy of your current controlfile?
A: RMAN> COPY CURRENT CONTROLFILE
TO 'c:\RMANBKUP\ctlfl_yyyymmdd.ctl';

Q: How do you perform a backup in a specific location?
A: RMAN>BACKUPDATAFILE 7
FORMAT 'c:\RMANBKUP\file7_%T _%s_%p';

Q: What is the formatting the backup file’s name?
A: It is a naming formatted Oracle roles that you want to backup a datafile. For example you may want to use %T for the date, %s for the backup set number, and %p for the piece number in your naming format.

Q: How can you backup database objects using the incremental option?
A: RMAN>BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 TABLESPACE tools
FORMAT'c:\RMANBKUP\tools_L0'; RMAN>BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 TABLESPACE tools
FORMAT 'c:\RMANBKUP\tools_L1';

Q: What do the following formatting name syntaxes mean?
%T for the date
%S for the backup set number
%P for the piece number
A: We use %T for the system date to be part of a backup datafile name, %s for the backup set number, and %p for the piece number. Note that you can use a multiple datafiles to be backup in a single piece set.

Q: How do you perform a tablespace recovery using RMAN?
A:
RMAN> SQL 'ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 7 OFFLINE'; RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE 7; RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE 7; RMAN> SQL 'ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 7 ONLINE';

Q: How do you set a datafile status using the RMAN tool?
A: RMAN> SQL 'ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 7 OFFLINE';

Q: How do you restore a corrupted datafile?
A: RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE 7;

Q: How do you recover a corrupted datafile?
A: RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE 7;

Q: How do you perform a complete database backup using the RMAN tool?
A: rman> RUN { ALLOCATE CHANNEL mybackup TYPE disk; BACKUP DATABASE; }-- OR --
rman> BACKUP DATABASE;

Q: Describe the LIST BACKUP command.
A: It verifies the complete or full backup.

Q: Describe the SET TIME command in the SQLPLUS tool.
A: It makes it easy to see that time.

Q: What is an incomplete database recovery?
A: An incomplete database recovery is a recovery that it does not reach to the point of failure. The recovery is at a point of time.

Q: What are the differences between an incomplete database recovery and complete database recovery?
A: A complete recovery recovers to the point of failure.

Q: How do you perform an incomplete database recovery?
A:
RMAN> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE ; RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT ; RMAN> RUN { SQL "ALTER SESSION
SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT=''DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS''"; SET UNTIL TIME '04-AUG-2002 01:04:22'; RESTORE DATABASE; RECOVER DATABASE; } RMAN> OPEN RESETLOGS DATABASE ;

Q: How do you perform a restore?
A: RESTORE DATABASE;

Q: How do you recover a datafile until a specified time?
A: SQL "ALTER SESSION
SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT=''DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS''"; SET UNTIL TIME '04-AUG-2002 01:04:22'; RESTORE DATABASE; RECOVER DATABASE;

Q: When do you use the RESETLOGS option?
A: When you perform an incomplete recovery.

Q: How do you perform a LIST and REPORT commands in the RMAN tool?

A: RMAN> LIST EXPIRED BACKUPSET ; RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF TABLESPACE tools; RMAN> LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE ; RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP ; RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE ; RMAN> REPORT SCHEMA ;

Q: How do you write a RMAN script?
A: RMAN> CREATE SCRIPT backup_tools { BACKUP TABLESPACE tools; }

Q: How do you replace a RMAN script?
A: RMAN> REPLACE SCRIPT backup_tools { BACKUP TABLESPACE tools PLUS ARCHIVELOG ; }

Q: How do you delete a RMAN script?
A: RMAN> DELETE SCRIPT backup_tools;

Q: How do you run a RMAN script?
A: RMAN> RUN {EXECUTE SCRIPT backup_tools;}

Q: How do you get a list of the backup of the datafiles for a tablespace?
A: RMAN> LIST BACKUP ;

Q: How do you get a list of objects that need backup?
A: RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP ;

Q: How do you get a list of objects with their confirmed retention policy?
A: RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP ;

Q: How do you get a list of a database incarnations?
A: RMAN> LIST INCARNATION OF DATABASE ;

Q: How do you get a list of the backup sets that are obsolete?
A: RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE ;

Q: How do you get a list of the image copies that are obsolete?
A: RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE ;

Q: How do you get a list of the schemas that can be deleted?
A: RMAN> REPORT SCHEMA ;

Q: What is Oracle Networking?
A: Oracle networking is a method for a DBA to manage connectivity between database application clients and the server.

Q: What tool does Oracle use to establish client/server connectivity?
A: Oracle uses the SQL*NET tool (Oracle Networking Utility ) such as NET8 to perform connectivity, security, performance , configuration , and administration of its network.

Q: What tool does a DBA use to configure an Oracle Network?
A: The NET8 Assistant or the NET8 Easy Config tools.

Q: What is a dedicated server?
A: In the dedicated server, a server doesn’t share its work with any other clients.

Q: What is a shared server?
A: In the dedicated server, a server shares its work with other clients.

Q: What is multithreaded sever (MTS)?
A: The Multithreaded server (MTS) will be used when your clients (user processes) are using shared server. Connecting your client (user processes) to shared servers in the multithreaded server (MTS) configuration is designed to reduce network traffic. Notice that the MTS architecture consists of a SQL*NET listener , which hears user requests from across the network and passes all requests to the dispatcher .

Q: Describe a dispatcher jobs in the Oracle database.
A: A dispatcher can receive information from a client or the Connection Manager server. A communication between a dispatcher and a shared server will be performed through the Common Request Queue and the Response Queue in the System Global Area.

Q: Describe the Common Request Queue in the SGA.
A: The Common Request Queue and the Response Queue in the System Global Area performs a communication between a dispatcher and a shared server.

Q: What does the Oracle Connection Manager utility?
A: We use the Oracle Connection Manager utility to configure the network that can act as a firewall for checking authorization and as a multi-protocol interchange translates from one network protocol to another. You can use the Connection Pooling feature to reduce the burden on the Oracle Network . It allows the server to define a maximum number of connection sockets. If one connection socket is inactive, it will disable it temporarily in order to process the new one.

Q: What does the Oracle Internet Directory (OID) provide for Oracle users?
A: We use the Oracle Internet Directory (OID) to provide a single, centralized repository for all user data. It creates and manages user identities, roles, authorization and authentication credentials, and profiles within a single repository.

Q: What is the Oracle Names (ONAME) Utility?
A: We use the Oracle Names utility to centrally define the service addresses, inter-database links, net service names (aliases), and client configuration profiles by using Oracle Enterprise Manager utility (OEM).

Q: Describe the Single Sign-On feature in the Oracle environment.
A: It is a feature to let a user access multiple accounts and applications with a single password by using the Oracle Advanced Security .

Q: Describe the Oracle Wallet Manager feature in the Oracle environment.
A: It is a feature to authenticate a user to multiple services, such as database and application servers. The contents of the wallet are encrypted with a key based on a user-specified password. It is part of Oracle’s SSL implementation.

Q: What is a protocol?
A: It is a translator.

Q: How many different ways can a user connect to the Oracle database using Oracle NET?
A: Oracle NET helps you connect users to the Oracle database through TCP /IP, DECnet, IPX, and many other LAN or WAN products. It allows for Internet computing and Client/Server architecture. The Client/Server architecture requires you to maintain a local copy of database connectivity and naming information on the client side. This decentralization is only viable an organization has a few users. See the Connection for a client to a server Figure.

Q: Describe a connect string.
A: A ‘Connect String’ tells that where your database is located and what type of protocol will be used to communicate with the database server. An example of connect string is: SQL> CONNECT system/manager@connect_string.

Q: What does a connect descriptor contain?
A: It contains network-specific, host name, Oracle SID, and specific port number.

Q: What is a listener in the Oracle environment?
A: The listener on the server always is listening or waiting for a call using the same port number (default is: 1521 or 1526). When the listener hears a call, it will either reject or accept the call. It will reject it only if the user process requests a connection to a SID that it doesn’t give service, has a wrong password, or the database is down.

Q: What is a System Identifier (SID) in an Oracle database?
A: The System Identifier (SID) is a unique name identifier that is assigned to an instance in a server.

Q: What are the relationships between a listener, user processes, dedicated servers, shared servers, and dispatchers?
A: If accepted, then the listener process assigns either a new dedicated server, prespawned dedicated server, or the least busy dispatcher to the user process depending on the listener configuration file (listener.ora ). If a listener (listener.ora ) was configured to use a dedicated server process, then it generates or spawns a new dedicated server for that user process. Once the user process and dedicated server shake hands, the listener will be isolated. Now, the user process requests the dedicated server to provide data on its behalf and when the user process ends, the dedicated server ends too. If a listener was configured to use a shared server, then it will provide the user process with the least busy dispatcher process. Now, the user process will establish a connection with the dispatcher directly. The dispatcher process will maintain a queue for the user process to place its data requests on. Note that the dispatcher has number of shared processes to work with. They will pull the user’s request off the queue in FIFO (First in First Out) order and process the request in behalf of the user process.

Q: How do you configure a LISTENER in your database server?
A: The listener ’s configuration file is stored in listener.ora , which is located in the default directory $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin on UNIX and %ORACLE_HOME\network\admin on Windows. If you are going to relocate the configuration file make sure to set the TNS_ADMIN environment variable.
An example of listener .ora :
LISTENER4MYDBS=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL =tcp) (HOST=mycomupter) (PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL =ipc) (KEY=extproc))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER4MYDBS=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME =mydbs.company)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0)
(PROGRAM=extproc)
(SID_NAME =mydbs)
)
)

Q: Can you have multiple listeners running on a database server?
A: Yes.

Q: How do you configure a LISTENER with one or more protocol?
A: Just add more protocol to it.
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL =tcp) (HOST=mycomupter) (PORT=1521))

Q: Describe the PAMN background process jobs.
A: Its job is to make sure that if a user process got disconnected, clean the entire remaining task.

Q: How can you assign a password to you listener?
A: Add the following line to the listener.ora file.
PASSWARDS _listener4mydbs=(X6Z76H07Y34D)

Q: How do you turn on the trace utility on a listener on the user level?
A: Add the following line to the listener.ora file.
TRACE_LEVEL _listener4mydbs=(OFFADMINUSERSUPPORT)

Q: How do you start a listener?
A: $ lsnrctl start

Q: How do you stop a listener?
A: $ lsnrctl stop

Q: What does the reload command do in the listener?
A: It reloads the modified listener file.

Q: What are the various naming method supported by Oracle Net?
A: The following are the various naming methods supported by Oracle Net.
1- Host Naming Method
2- Local Naming Method
3- Directory Naming Method
4- Oracle Names Method

Q: Describe the Host Naming Method.
A: When you using the Host Naming method, a client must specify a username, password, and a connect string. The connect string either should be the hostname or its IP address. The database listener on the server must listen to the port number 1521. This will not work if you change the port number.

Q: Describe the Local Naming Method.
A: When you using the Local Naming method, the same as the Host Naming method, a client must specify a username, password, and a connect string. The connect string must be your Service Name. The Service Name is an entry that was defined in the TNSNAMES.ORA file. The TNS stand for Transparent Network Substrate. In contrast to the Host Naming Method , the Local Naming Method can use any port number as long as it has not been used. The Oracle default port number is 1521 or 1526.

Q: Describe the Oracle Names Method.
A: When you using the Oracle Names method, the same as the Local Naming method, a client must specify a username, password, and a connect string. The connect string must be your Service Name. In contrast to the local Naming Method , the Oracle Names Method will use the IP address or host name where the Oracle Name Server was installed (not the database hostname or IP address) and is listening. Then from the Oracle Name Server, a user process will be directed to an assigned destination database server.

Q: How do you add a listener using the Net Manager tool?
A: Click on the ‘+’ sign next to the ‘Listeners’ item to expand it. You will see a default created listener. To create a new listener, highlight the ‘Listeners’ item and click on the green ‘+’ sign in the vertical toolbar in the Oracle Net Manager window. In the ‘Choose Listener Name’ window, type a new listener name such as ‘MYLISTENER’ and then click OK.

Q: How do you modify a listener using the Net Manager tool?
A: Open the listener and modify the changes.

Q: How do you view all listeners in your server using the Net Manager tool?
A: In the Oracle Net Configuration section, expand the Local item. In the Local item, you can display listeners.

Q: How do you enable or disable a listener’s logging using the Net Manager tool?
A: Click on the ‘Logging & Tracing’ tab to enable or disable your logging. The default is enabled and the location of your log is: %ORACLE_HOME\network\log\. You can also, disable or enable the tracing. The default is disabled. Enabling this option may generate thousands of bytes of dump to trace the network traffic. The tracing can be on USER, ADMIN, etc.

Q: How do you add a service name using the Net Manager tool?
A: To create a Service Name , highlight the Service Naming item and then click on the Green ‘+’ sign (Create icon). In the ‘Net Service Name Wizard: Welcome’ window, type your net service name (myaccess). Click Next.

Q: How do you modify a service name the Net Manager tool?
A: Open a service name and then modify the changes.

Q: How do you test a service name using the Net Manager tool?
A: Click on the Test button to test the connection. If failed check the userid and password. To change the userid and password, you should click on the ‘Change Login’ push button on the window. Type the right userid and password (SYSTEM/MANAGER) and click OK to close the window. In the Connection Test window, click on the ‘Test’ button again. If your user id or your net work configuration parameter were right, then you get ‘The connection test was successful.’ Then Close the window and click ‘Finish.’ Notice that the ‘MYACCESS’ service name was added to the list of Service Name.

Oracle DBA Fundamental 1 Exam Questions and Answers

2009-08-26T17:30:00.003+05:30

Q: What are the Oracle Architectural components?
A: The Oracle Architectural components are:
Memory (SGA) such as Buffer Cache, Shared Pool, Redo Log Buffer, Large Pool, Java Pool, etc.
Background Processes such as Log Writer, DB Writer, Checkpoint, Archiver, SMON, etc.
Oracle Physical Layout such as Datafiles, Controlfiles, Online Redo log files, Parameter file, Password file, etc.

Q: What are the Oracle Memory Components?
A: All components such as Shared Pool (Library Cache , Dictionary Cache ), Buffer Cache , Online Redo Log file , Large Pool , Java Pool as well as a few other items are referred to as the System Global Area (SGA ). And the place stores information like bind variable values , sort areas, cursor handling, etc for a specific user is called Program Global Area (PGA ). The PGA is used to store only real values in place of bind variables for executing SQL statements. The combination of these two memories structure while they are running is called Oracle Instance.

Q: What is the Server Parameter File?
A: The Server Parameter File is a binary file and Oracle uses it to change the most of its system parameters dynamically.

Q: What is the Parameter File?
A: The Parameter file is a configuration file and it contains all the Oracle instance and database configuration parameters. When you change any parameter using this file, you should shutdown and startup the Oracle Database.

Q: How do you use the init.ora file?
A: The init.ora file is called initialized or parameter file. It is a configuration file.

Q: What is the System Global Area (SGA)?
A: The SGA contains of Shared Pool (Library Cache , Dictionary Cache ), Buffer Cache , Online Redo Log file , Large Pool , Java Pool as well as a few other items.

Q: What is the Shared Pool in SGA?
A: The Shared Pool contains the Library Cache and the Dictionary Cache as well as a few other items, which are not in the scope of this section. The Library Cache holds all users’ SQL statements, Functions, Procedures, and Packages. It stores parsed SQL statement with its execution plan for reuse. The Dictionary Cache, sometimes also referred to as the Row Cache , holds the Oracle repository data information such as tables, indexes, and columns definitions, usernames, passwords, synonyms, views, procedures, functions, packages, and privileges information.

Q: What does the Buffer Cache hold in SGA?
A: The Buffer Cache holds users’ data. Users query their data while they are in the Buffer Cache. If user’s request is not in the Buffer Cache then server process has to bring it from disk. The smallest unit in the buffer cache is an Oracle block. The buffer cache can be increased or decreased by granule unit. The smallest Granule Unit is 4Meg if the SGA size is less than 128Meg and the smallest Granule Unit become 16Meg is the SGA size is more than 128Meg.

Q: What are the differences between the Library Cache and Dictionary Cache?
A: The Library Cache holds user’s SQL statements, PL/SQL programs, but the Dictionary Cache holds only repository information such as user’s table name, its access privileges, and etc.

Q: What is the Redo Log Buffer in SGA?
A: The Redo Log Buffer holds users’ entries such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc (DML) and CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE (DDL). The Redo Entries are information that will be used to reconstruct, or redo, changes made to a database. The Log Writer writes the entries into the Online Redo Log files when a COMMIT occurs, every 3 seconds, or when one third of the Redo Log Buffer is full. That will guarantee a database recovery to a point of failure if an Oracle database failure occurred.

Q: Describe the Large Pool component in SGA.
A: The Large Pool holds information about the Recovery Manager (RMAN) utility when RMAN is running. If you use the Multi-threaded Server (MTS) process, you may allocate the Oracle Memory structure such that you can get advantage of using Large Pool instead of the Shared Pool . Notice that when you use dedicated servers, user session information is housed in the PGA .

Q: Describe the Multi-threaded Server process.
A: The Multi-threaded Server process will be used when a user send his/her request by using a shared server. A user’s request will be assigned to a dispatcher based on the availability of dispatchers. Then the dispatcher will send or receive request from an assigned shared server.

Q: What are PGA and UGA?
A: When you are running dedicated servers then the session information can be stored inside the process global area (PGA). The UGA is the user global area, which holds session-based information. When you are running shared servers then the session information can be stored inside the user global area (UGA).

Q: Describe the log writer background process (LGWR).
A: The LGWR’s job is to write the redo user’s entries from the Redo Log Buffer .

Q: How often does LGWR write user’s entries to the Online Redo Log Buffer files?
A: It writes user’s entries when the buffer exceeds one third of the Redo Log Buffer, every 3 seconds, or when a user executes the commit SQL statement.

Q: Describe the Checkpoint process.
A: The Checkpoint signals DB writers to write all dirty blocks into the disk. The Checkpoint will occurred either by a specific defined time, size of the Online Redo Log file used by DBA, or when an Online Redo log file will be switched from on log file to another.

Q: How do you automatically force the Oracle to perform a checkpoint?
A: The following are the parameters that will be used by a DBA to adjust time or interval of how frequently its checkpoint should occur on its database.
LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT = 3600 # every one hour
LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL =1000 # number of OS blocks

Q: What is the Recovery Process?
A: The RECO will be used only if you have a distributed database. You use this process to recover a database if a failure occurs due to physical server problem or communication problem.

Q: What is the Lock Background Process?
A: The LCKn background process will be used if you have multiple instances accessing to only one database. An example of that is a Parallel Server or a Real Application Clusters.

Q: How does the Archive Process work?
A: This background process archives the Online Redo Log file when you are manually or automatically switching an Online Redo Log file. An example of manually switching is: ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE or ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT.

Q: How do you configure your database to do an automatic archiving?
A: SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

Q: What is the System Monitor Process?
A: The SMON job is: when you start your database, it will make sure that all datafiles, controlfiles, and log files are synchronized before opening a database. If they are no, it will perform an instance recovery. It will check the last SCN that was performed against the datafiles. If it finds that there are transactions that were not applied against the datafile, then it will recover or synchronize the datafile from either the Online Redo Log files or the Archive Log files. The smaller Online Redo log files will bring a faster database recovery.

Q: Describe the Program Monitor Process Job.
A: A user may be disconnected either by canceling its session or by communication link. In either act, the PMON will start and perform an action to clean the reminding memory allocation that was assigned to the user.

Q: What are the differences between the SPFILE and PFILE startup?
A: You can read or change the init.ora file (PFILE) for startup of the Oracle database. It contains all Oracle parameters file to configure a database instance. In this file, you can reset and change the Buffer Cache size, Shared Pool size, Redo Log Buffer size, etc. You also can change the location of your control files, mode of a database such as archivelog mode or noarchivelog mode, and many other parameter options that you will learn them in the course of this book.
But using Server Parameter File-SPFILE, you can not read the file. It is in a binary format. If you want to change database parameters dynamically, you should create the Server Parameter file (CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE ) and startup your database using the SPFILE file. There are some few parameters that you still need to shutdown and startup the database, if you want to make the parameter in effect.

Q: What is the controlfile?
A: You cannot read this file and it is in a binary format. If you want to see the content of control file or the layout of your database, you should use the ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE statement. It writes a trace file into the %ORACLE_BASE\admin\\UDUMP directory.

Q: How do you backup your database controlfiles?
A: SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO c:\ctnlrfl.bk;

Q: What does a controlfile contain?
A: It contains information the structure of your database layout, database name, last System Change Number (SCN) number, your database mode (archivelog mode or noarchivelog mode), maximum number of log files, maximum number of log members, maximum number of instances, maximum of number of datafiles, the location of the database Online Redo Log files , and backup information.

Q: Describe the password file.
A: The password file is an external file that contains the password of sysdba or sysoper. To use the password file you should set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORD parameter to exclusive or shared mode in the Parameter File (Example: REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORD=EXCLUSIVE).

Q: How do you create a password file?
A: To create the password file, you should run the ORAPWD utility from operating system.
For example:
MS-DOS> ORAPWD FILE=%ORACLE_HOME\dbs\orapw.pwd \
PASSWORD=mypass ENTRIES=3
The ENTRIES parameter specifying the number of user entries allowed for the password file. Now, the DBA can be connected to the database as a user with sysdba privilege.

Q: Describe the Online Redo Log file.
A: The Online Redo Log files hold the Redo Entries. You should have at least two or more Redo Log Groups. Each group may have more than one member. It is a good practice to multiplex Online Redo Log members. The Redo Entries are information that will be used to reconstruct, or redo, changes made to a database. The Log Writer writes the entries into the Online Redo Log files when a COMMIT occurs, every 3 seconds, or when one third of the Redo Log Buffer is full. That will guarantee a database recovery to a point of failure if an Oracle database failure occurred.

Q: How do you start up an instance with the MOUNT option?
A: SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
--OR--
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;

Q: Describe the IMMEDIATE option in the SHUTDOWN command.
A: The IMMEDIATE option means not to wait for a user to log off and roll back uncommitted transactions, then shut down the instance and close the database.
Q: Describe the ABORT option in the SHUTDOWN command.
A: The ABORT option tells Oracle not to wait for a user and do not roll back for any transaction and shutdown the instance. If you SHUTDOWN with the ABORT option and then you start your database, the SMON will perform an instance recovery automatically.

Q: Describe the PFILE parameter in the STARTUP command.
A: It tells the Oracle to use the specific parameter file that is in the PFILE parameter.

Q: What does the following SQL statement?
SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO 'c:\backupcontrolfile\control_ddmmyyyy.ctl' /A: It will backup a controlfile.

Q: What is the ALERT file in an Oracle database?
A: It is a log file that any unknown problems with the database such as, not enough space in the rollback segment or the maximum extent reached in a table.
Q: How many different types of database mode can you change your database to?
A: Six! ARCHIVELOG, NOARCHIVELOG, SUSPEND, RESUME, RESTRICTED SESSION, and QUIESCE RESTRICTED mode.

Q: What does the following statement do?
SQL> CREATE SPFILE
FROM
PFILE='%ORACLE_HOME%\admin\school\pfile\init.ora' /A: It creates a Server Parameter File using an specific parameter file.

Q: How do you configure a database to an archive mode?
A: First you should change the following parameters in the parameter file.
log_archive_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin//arch
log_archive_start = true
log_archive_format = log%s.arc
Then do the following in the SQLPLUS utility.
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
PFILE=%ORACLE_HOME%\admin\school\pfile\init.ora SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG ; SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Q: What does the following SQL statement?
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\SCHOOL\REDO04.LOG' TO
'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\redo04a.log' /
A: Assuming that Online Redo Log file is offline, it relocates it to different location.

Q: What are the differences between an Oracle-Managed and User-Managed files?
A: A User-Managed file will be defined by an Oracle user. If you drop the tablespace that was using the file, you should physically delete it from the disk. But an Oracle-Managed file will be created and defined by Oracle. If you drop the tablespace that was using the file, oracle will physically deletes the file from the disk. It knows where the file is located.

Q: How do you maintain a tablespace using the Oracle-Managed file technique?
A: You should tell Oracle where it should locate and create datafiles.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest='c:\newfolder'; Q: What does the following SQL statement do?
SQL> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE mytemp TEMPFILE 'mytemp_01.tmp' SIZE 20M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 10M /
A: It creates locally managed temporary tablespace with uniform size option.
Q: What are the PCTFREE and PCTUSED space allocations in the CREATE TABLE statement?
A: The PCTFREE parameter means that an Oracle user can add records to a block until the unused space block reaches to the PCTFREE value. When a block uses all space up to the “1-PCTFREE” percentage, it stops adding records to the block. Oracle takes that block out of the Freelist. It means that records can not be added to the block any more unless you delete records from the block till it reaches to the PCTUSED value. Then Oracle will add the block in the Freelist again and records can be added to the block. And this process continues to determine when to add records in or stop adding records from the block.

Q: How do you create an UNDO tablespace?
A: SQL> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE my_undo_tablespace DATAFILE SIZE 100K /
Q: What are the differences between a DICTIONARY-MANAGED and LOCALLY managed tablespace?
A: The difference between the DICTIONALY-MANAGED and LOCALLY MANAGED tablespace is: In the locally managed tablespace all information about the datafiles such as the last performed checkpoint, etc are stored locally in the datafiles of the tablespace but in the DICTIONAY-MANAGED tablespace all such information would be stored in the Oracle repository in the SYSTEM tablespace.

Q: How do you create a TRANSACTION temporary table?
A: SQL> CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE test_temp (col1 NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, col2 VARCHAR2 (10) check (col2 BETWEEN 'A' AND 'T')) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS /
Q: What are the differences between a row migration and chained record?
A: A “Chained Record” happens when a user updates a record and the new value can not fit in the existing allocated location. So, Oracle stores the value in a space that allocated for them (PCTFREE) and add a pointer to the row so that it knows where the rest of the record is. This process calls row Chaining. Now, if there was no space in the PCTFREE area, then Oracle will take the whole record and migrate it in a different block that has space. This process calls row Migration.

Q: How do you monitor a usage of an index table?
A: SQL> ALTER INDEX uk_emp MONITORING USAGE /
Q: What does the EXCEPTIONS INTO EXCEPTIONS clause perform in the ALTER TABLE statement?
A: It will insert all exceptions that were found during the ALTER TABLE command into the EXCEPTIONS table.

Q: How do you create a user account?
A: SQL> CREATE USER developer IDENTIFIED BY developer DEFAULT TABLESPACE iself_data TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp QUOTA 10K ON iself_data QUOTA 0K ON SYSTEM PROFILE default PASSWORD EXPIRE ACCOUNT UNLOCK /
Q: How do you assign a default tablespace to a user?
A: SQL> ALTER USER developer
DEFAULT TABLESPACE iself_data
/

Q: How do you lock a user?
A: SQL> ALTER USER DEVELOPER ACCOUNT LOCK /
Q: What are the Oracle database triggers?
A: The Oracle database triggers are triggers that will occur when an Oracle event happens either by the DML statements such as UPDATE, DELETE , INSERT, etc; the DDL statements such as DROP, CREATE, etc; the Database events such as SHUTDOWN, STARTUP, etc; or events in a schema such as dropping a table in an specific schema.

Q: How do you start or stop auditing?
A: SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET audit_trail=db SCOPE=spfile /and you should shutdown and startup the database.

Then start auditing by using the AUDIT command.
Ex: SQL> AUDIT DELETE ON iself.emp BY ACCESS WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL /

And stop auditing by using the NOAUDIT command.
Ex: SQL> NOAUDIT ALL /
Q: What is a cluster table in the Oracle database?
A: A cluster is a schema object that contains one or more tables that all have one or more columns in common. Rows of one or more tables that share the same value in these common columns are physically stored together within the database. Generally, you should only cluster tables that are frequently joined on the cluster key columns in SQL statements. Clustering multiple tables improves the performance of joins, but it is likely to reduce the performance of full table scans, INSERT statements, and UPDATE statements that modify cluster key values.

Q: How do you re-organize all a schema’s tables?
A: SQL> EXECUTE dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats ('your_schema_name');

credits: To original Creator

Shock hits chennai tonight

2009-08-11T12:00:00.001+05:30

Hi all..,

Today(11-8-2009) Chennai felt a short shock around 1 am. the shock was centered at Andaman island. shock was felt my thirumangalam,tambaram and avadi peoples.

shock last for 2 – 5 seconds. Tsunami warning was raised at costal regions of tamilnadu in kanniakumari and nagercoil district.

This is the second time after tsunami hit on Dec 26 few years back.

Shock hits chennai tonight

2009-08-11T11:59:00.002+05:30

Hi all..,

Today(11-8-2009) Chennai felt a short shock around 1 am. the shock was centered at Andaman island. shock was felt my thirumangalam,tambaram and avadi peoples.

shock last for 2 – 5 seconds. Tsunami warning was raised at costal regions of tamilnadu in kanniakumari and nagercoil district.

This is the second time after tsunami hit on Dec 26 few years back.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/india/Earthquake-strikes-off-Andamans-tsunami-alert-cancelled/articleshow/4879908.cms

salary cut down to CEO's

2009-07-24T08:39:00.003+05:30

Have a look at this

Salary & Govt. Concessions for a Member of Parliament (MP)

Monthly Salary : 12,000

Expense for Constitution per month : 10,000

Office expenditure per month : 14,000

Traveling concession (Rs. 8 per km) : 48,000 ( eg.For a visit from kerala to Delhi & return: 6000 km)

Daily DA TA during parliament meets : 500/day

Charge for 1 class (A/C) in train: Free (For any number of times)
(All over India )

Charge for Business Class in flights : Free for 40 trips / year (With wife or P.A.)

Rent for MP hostel at Delhi : Free

Electricity costs at home : Free up to 50,000 units

Local phone call charge : Free up to 1 ,70,000 calls.

TOTAL expense for a MP [having no qualification] per year : 32,00,000 [i.e. 2.66 lakh/month]

TOTAL expense for 5 years : 1,60,00,000

For 534 MPs, the expense for 5 years :
8,54,40,00,000 (nearly 855 crores)

AND THE PRIME MINISTER IS ASKING THE HIGHLY QUALIFIED, OUT PERFORMING CEOs TO CUT DOWN THEIR SALARIES…..

This is how all our tax money is been swallowed and price hike on our regular commodities.......

And this is the present condition of our country:

855 crores could make their life livable !!
Think of the great democracy we have.............
PLEASE FORWARD THIS MESSAGE TO ALL REAL CITIZENS OF INDIA ..
but,
STILL Proud to be INDIAN

DB2 & Cloud Computing

2009-07-23T16:50:00.004+05:30

DB2 & Cloud Computing from Nathalie Tolub on Vimeo.

DB2 & Cloud Computing

2009-07-23T16:50:00.003+05:30

Microsoft SQL Server under attack

2009-07-22T14:08:00.001+05:30

Arbour Networks knows a thing or two about internet security as their gear is used by most top tier ISPs. They run an interesting internet threat analysis service at http://atlas.arbor.net/. I’ve been watching it for the past couple of weeks. During this time Microsoft SQL Server has consistently been the top attack target. Not only has SQL Server been a consistent target, it has been a target for over 50% of all attacks.

Now, I don’t want to come across as bashing SQL Server. I am not one of those people who will claim that Microsoft code is less secure than that of its competitors. I don’t think SQL Serer is any less secure than say Oracle or DB2 (here, I said it). I also have to give Microsoft credit for addressing security issues promptly. Oracle, on the other hand has not addressed any security vulnerabilities in Oracle XE despite the fact that there are hundreds known vulnerabilities. I had to uninstall Oracle XE because our network scanners detect back-level Oracle code and Oracle XE does not have any updates.

The SQL Server that is being attacked by this exploit is SQL Server 2000 and MSDE or Microsoft Desktop Engine i.e. the previous free database from Microsoft that has since been replaced by SQL Server Express Edition. So, the problem is not that Microsoft is releasing SQL Server with security vulnerabilities or that they don’t fix these vulnerabilities … they do. I think there are two factors at play here. First is that SQL Server is a very popular product and that in itself makes it a target. The second is that while the fixes may be available, they are not consistently applied by the users of SQL Server. For those that are diligent in maintaining their systems and keeping them up to date, these attacks should not present an issue. However, if you are an ISV that wants to embed SQL Server as part of your own solution the popularity of SQL Server could be a troubling thing. Basically, by shipping SQL Server as part of your solution you are painting a nice bright target on your software as well. Once the software is installed at your customer site, you can count on it being a target by any attacker who can identify that you have SQL Server under the covers. And, if they have an exploit that was created after shipped your product, you will have to figure out how to protect each one of your customers.

http://freedb2.com/2009/05/22/microsoft-sql-server-under-attack/

MySQL future in doubt after Oracle acquisition

2009-07-22T11:44:00.000+05:30

MySQL future in doubt after Oracle acquisition

IBM Cloud for a Free Try

2009-07-22T11:32:00.000+05:30

Did you know IBM has made available a Cloud service with stuff like database software and development tools, and its FREE to use?

You're probably thinking - Free and IBM in the same sentence ... is that an oxymoron? Yeah, its hard to picture IBM when you talk of free anything let alone a free cloud service and free database software. Many folk would associate IBM with a company that only sells mega expensive hardware and software to mega large enterprises for mega bucks. We'll that may be the case, but yes, the part about free cloud and free database software is also true, and I'll let you in on the secret for free ;-)

The free database software part is not new (but still bit of a secret to many) ... IBM released DB2 Express-C as a no-charge product for the community a couple of years ago. Express-C is a leaner, easy to use Linux / Windows / Mac version of DB2, the database software that is used by mega enterprises for mission critical systems and large data warehouses. DB2 Express-C on the other hand is for developers (including those using PHP, Ruby on Rails, Python, Django, etc.) ISVs, and SMB users, who want a fully functional database albeit with a free price tag (yes its really free to use for as long as you want without any time-based restrictions or database size limitations, although IBM secretly hopes that some point you will be making enough money to pay for subscription and support or upgrade to other DB2 editions with more advanced features).

The free Cloud service is called IBM Smart Business Development and Test on the IBM Cloud. Quite a mouthful, but probably not enough to detract you from asking, so what's the catch? There has to be a catch if its free, right? Okay, okay, its not free forever and its only available to those with a US address. This IBM cloud service is currently in the technology preview stage, and I imagine once the preview or beta phase is over IBM will start charging for use of this cloud.

The tech preview of the cloud service (lets call it the IBM Developer Cloud for short) comes with several luanch-ready pre-installed images containing development tools from Rational and other IBM middleware like DB2 Express-C running on an x86 based enterprise-class Linux distribution. Just like on Amazon EC2, you can dynamically provision instances (virtual servers) based on the pre-built images. Unlike Amazon EC2, IBM will not charge you 10 cents an hour for running these instances during the preview phase. And it only takes a few minutes to be up and running as you can see in the video below.

Using DB2 Express-C on IBM Developer Cloud from ChannelDB2 on Vimeo.

DB2 9.7: Moving to DB2 is Easy

2009-07-21T18:02:00.000+05:30

This video highlights some of the new features in DB2 9.7 that make it very easy to enable Oracle applications to DB2. It includes demos for features like support for PL/SQL, CLP Plus, and Optim Data Studio for data movement.

New Features of DB2 9.7

2009-07-21T17:42:00.001+05:30

New Features of DB2 V9.7

1) Locking enhancements

With the new Currently Committed (CC) semantics of the CS isolation level, writers (i.e: UPDATE) will not block readers (i.e SELECT). Readers will read the currently committed value prior to the update operation. This will improve concurrency and reduce deadlocks.For example, say you have a table T1 with the following contents:FIRSTNAME LASTNAMEpradeep kumarJin XieNow say an application AppA issues this statement, but does not commit:update T1 set lastname = 'Smith' where firstname = 'pradeep'Next, application AppB issues this statement:select lastname from T1 where firstname = 'pradeep' with CSPrior to DB2 9.7, this last statement would hang because it would wait for the exclusive lock held by the update statement of AppA (the writer) to be released. With DB2 9.7 and currently committed enabled (the default for new databases), the statement would return the currently committed value which was kumar.

2) Performance enhancements

For dynamic SQL, DB2 9.7 introduces the 'statement concentrator' feature, which should improve the performance of programs developed in languages such as Ruby and PHP. As its name suggests, the statement concentrator will look for SQL statements that look exactly the same but where the parameter value is different, and will 'concentrate' those statements into one. For example:

SELECT name FROM employee WHERE empid = 10SELECT name FROM employee WHERE empid = 20
SELECT name FROM employee WHERE empid = 30

will be concentrated into:SELECT name FROM employee WHERE empid = ?
The question mark (?) represents a parameter marker. At runtime, DB2 will supply the value of 10, 20 and 30 for this particular example. This will provide a huge performance boost. In prior releases, DB2 would treat each statement as unique, and would compile and execute each statement separately. However, the access plan for all these statement was likely the same, so it was a waste of resources to calculate it over and over again. With statement concentrator DB2 will compile the statement only once to obtain the access plan for the statement, and then it will reuse it.Other performance improvements is the ability to store small LOBs inlined with the data rows. This improves performance for these LOBs as they can be access through the bufferpool.

3) Application development enhancements

A large number of improvements is now available to application developers:a)Triggers and UDFs now have enhanced SQL PL support. Before DB2 9.7 they only supported inline SQL PL which is a small subset of SQL PL.b)For SQL PL stored procedures, default parameter values and assignment of parameter values by name have been included. In addition, new Boolean, cursor, row and array data types are now supported.c)ROWNUM and ROWID are supportedd)DB2 9.7 now supports the concept of a module (similar to the concept of 'Package' in Oracle). A module can bundle related database object definitionse)Implicit casting between data types is now allowed. This will be useful for dynamic languages like PHP and Ruby. For example, this is now allowed:create table t1 (col1 int)select * from t1 where col1 = '42'In the example, the string '42' can now be compared to the integer column col1.f)There are many new functions for string, date manipulation and so on.g)DB2 now supports Create Global Temporary Tables (CGTTs). These are temporary tables where the data is only available during the session. The difference between CGTTs and Declared Global Temporary Tables (DGTTs) is that in the case of CGTTs, the table definition is persisted in the DB2 catalog tables. So once a CGTT is created, it can be used by any session without having to create it again. The rows will be independent per session though.g)Public aliases (a.k.a Public synonyms) for global object referencing have been added. Prior to DB2 9.7 all DB2 objects had a unique two-part name. The first part was the schema name, and the second part was the object name. By creating public synonyms, you can reference to objects without the schema name regardless of the user ID connected to the database. For example:connect to sample user arfkumar using mypswcreate public synonym pradeep for table arfkumar.staffselect * from pradeep ## works OKselect * from arfkumar.pradeep ## Errorconnect to sample user db2admin using pswselect * from pradeep ## works OKh)DB2 9.7 has relaxed its object dependency rules to allow for more flexible schema evolution. For example say you had this dependency:View2 --> View1 --> Table1If you wanted to change View1, you first had to drop View2 because it was dependant on View1. Now this is not required. DB2 will perform the revalidation of View2 automatically for you either immediately or when the view is used again. This can certainly help developers when testing their applications, and when they need to add columns, or make other changes to the database schema.Other improvements in the schema evolution area are: Columns can be renamed, the REPLACE option has been added to several CREATE statements so there is no need to issue a drop statement therefore all privileges on the object remain. ALTER COLUMN can now use SET DATA TYPE for all types.i)The Visual Studio add-ins have been enhancedj)There have been JDBC and SQLJ enhancements to support some of the things mentioned earlierk)The TRUNCATE SQL statement is now supported for fast deletesl)New data types such as NUMBER, VARCHAR2, TIMESTAMP with a precision are now supportedm)Better support for Python-DB2 applicationsn)pureXML enhancements such a support for Declared Global Temporary Tables is now available

4) Storage enhancements

Every time I teach DB2, I often get the question about "how much can DB2 store?". And almost on every release, I'm surprised about how our developers at the lab keep pushing the limits. For DB2 9.7, the size of large and temporary table spaces limits have been increased fourfold. For example, a 32k page large table space can now store 64TB. Previously it could 'only' store 16TB.

5) Security enhancements

In the past I used to compare SYSADM with 'God' because he could pretty much have access to everything in DB2. With DB2 9.7 the security model has been enhanced to allow for separation of duties. This minimizes the risk of data exposure and helps with government compliance requirements. There are several new authorities including DATAACCESS and ACCESSCTRL. These authorities can be given to users to access data, and grant access to data respectively. What this means is that a security administrator (SECADM) could revoke SYSADM or a DBADM these authorities, and therefore they would not be allowed to access any data!

6) Manageability enhancements

Now you have the ability to move tables online to a different table space. This means that while users are accessing a table, you can change where the table storage resides.

7) Installation enhancements

Now you can use the db2val command to verify if your DB2 installation is OK.
Courtesy : Mr Raul F Chong

13 interesting facts about google

2009-07-21T17:29:00.000+05:30

1. Google receives daily search requests from all over the world, including Antarctica.
2. Google’s Home Page Has 63 Validation Errors. Don’t believe me?: Check Google Validation
3.The Google search engine receives about a billion search requests per day.
4. The infamous “I’m feeling lucky” button is nearly never used. However, in trials it was found that removing it would somehow reduce the Google experience. Users wanted it kept. It was a comfort button.
5. Due to the sparseness of the homepage, in early user tests they noted people just sitting looking at the screen. After a minute of nothingness, the tester intervened and asked ‘Whats up?’ to which they replied “We are waiting for the rest of it”. To solve that particular problem the Google Copyright message was inserted to act as a crude end of page marker.
6. The name ‘Google’ was an accident. A spelling mistake made by the original founders who thought they were going for ‘Googol’.
7. Google has the largest network of translators in the world.
8. Employees are encouraged to use 20% of their time working on their own projects. Google News, Orkut are both examples of projects that grew from this working model.
9. Google consists of over 450,000 servers, racked up in clusters located in data centers around the world.
10. Google started in January, 1996 as a research project at Stanford University, by Ph.D. candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were 24 years old and 23 years old respectively.
11. Google is a mathematical term 1 followed by one hundred zeroes. The term was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasne.
12. Number of languages in which you can have the Google home page set up, including Urdu, Latin and Klingon: 88
13. Google translates billions of HTML web pages into a display format for WAP and i-mode phones and wireless handheld devices.

and few more
http://www.slideshare.net/kimuh72/google-facts-216737

IBM Information Champion Program 2010

2009-07-21T17:12:00.000+05:30

hello friends

the nomination for IBM information Champion 2010 has started

check out

Anyone in the Data Management community is eligible to nominate a potential Data Champion during the open nomination period. Beginning in the fall, nominations will be accepted for the 2010 Data Champion class, which will cover the following Data Management products:

Data Studio
DB2
DB2 Tools
Informix
IBM Optim
IMS
InfoSphere Warehouse
solidDB
U2

At the close of the nomination period, a panel of IBM employees will evaluate each nominee's contributions over the past 12 to 18 months. The panel will consider the community impact, expertise and overall contributions of the nominees. IBM will judge nominees both on the quality of contributions and the level of participation across a wide variety of community activities. For example, Data Champions may have distinguished themselves as:
forum moderators and contributors
bloggers
community Web site operators
leaders of product user groups
written contributors, such as authors of developerWorks articles, Redbooks and technical books
speakers at events and conferences

follow this for more information http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/champion/nomination.html

IBM Information champion 2009

2009-07-21T17:01:00.001+05:30

I got Select as IBM Information Champion 2009 where only 88 persons all over the world...

some details about the information champions.

check out my profile http://www-01.ibm.com/software/data/champion/profiles/kumar.html

i'll update the awards and other pics shortly next week

IBM Welcomes 2009 Data Champions

Technical communities, Web sites, books, conference speakers and blogs all contribute to the success of IBM’s Data Management products. But these activities don’t run themselves. Behind the scenes there are dedicated and loyal individuals who put in their own time to run user groups, manage community Web sites, speak at conferences, post to forums and write blogs. Their time is uncompensated.
For 2009, IBM honors the commitment of 88 individuals with a special designation — Data Champion — as a way of showing our appreciation for the time and energy these exceptional community members expend.
Data Champions are objective experts. They have no official obligation to IBM. They simply share their opinions and years of experience with others in the field, and their work contributes greatly to the overall success of Data Management.
What does a Data Champion receive?
Featured profile on the IBM Information Management Web site

Special invitation to events
Plaque honoring Data Champion status along with a virtual badge for e-mail signatures and community site recognition
Data Champion contacts within the Data Management product development teams to facilitate communication with IBM labs
Technical resources such as early and free access to Information Management software for personal use

TGMC 09

2009-07-13T11:15:00.000+05:30

"The doors we open and close each day decide the lives we live."
As students, you would have experienced or seen the truth of this Turkish Proverb. Every day, you are faced with choices, with decisions that in all probability will affect the way your life will pan out.
While the opportunities or the Doors that are presented are not in your hands, the choice to walk through them is yours and yours alone.
The Great Mind Challenge is one such door. There will be many others but this one, we believe, is one of the most important. The possibilities that open up once you walk through this door are endless and the potential you can realize, limitless.
We have taken every care in trying to ensure that the Contest and the offerings are relevant and useful to you and we hope that you will rise to the Challenge, take the Initiative and Walk Through this Door.
We are here to BRIDGE THE GAP.This year again we have returned to sift and sieve after reaching the remotest Engineering/ MCA college across India to find our TGMC ’09 winner. We will mentor you, provide you free trainings, ask for it and you get it - Free trainings and technical downloads.
What is "The Great Mind Challenge" contest?The Great Mind Challenge (TGMC) is a Nation-wide Software Development contest conducted by the IBM Academic Initiative Team. This contest focuses on enabling Technical institutes to nurture students. Grooming them to become part of a competitive workforce by arming them with market ready skills. It also aims to provide student programmers with a unique opportunity to develop innovative solutions using open standards-based IT tools from IBM in complex real time situations.

Time Lines for TGMC '09

Registration - 30th September’09
SRS Submission - 15th October’09
Mid-term review (Project synopsis) - 15th Oct - 15th Nov’09
Project Submission - 15th December’09

Project Evaluation
Phase-I - 15th January’10
Phase-II - 15th February’10
Felicitation Program - 15th March’10

for more information follow this link
https://tgmc.in/

Successfully Passed Exam 730 and exam 731

2009-07-13T10:55:00.000+05:30

hi
i successfully finished my IBM DB2 Certification for Exam 730 and 731 with distincition on both....
thanks to Mr Sekar saravana,Raul Chong and Agatha for their Support

About me

2009-02-03T20:02:00.001+05:30

Hi
This is Pradeep Kumar G.s living in india->tamilnadu->madurai
doing my Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering.
interested in programming administration and hacking
currently i'm the DB2 Student Ambassador of our College.
in this blog I'll post most of the tutorials and demos of many software related to drupal,oracle,db2,java and many others.